全新世以来青藏高原文化遗址时空演变及其驱动

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.05.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 青藏高原是全球地理环境最为特殊的区域之一,研究全新世以来青藏高原文化遗址时空演变及其原因,对于理解极端环境下的人类响应与适应具有重要意义。基于ArcGIS空间分析,运用核密度估计、平均最邻近指数和全局空间自相关等地理统计方法,研究了全新世以来青藏高原14 339处文化遗址的时空演变。结果表明:各时期遗址最近邻指数均小于1,全局Moran’s I的取值介于0~1之间,遗址存在正的空间自相关,且属于集聚分布的模式;遗址分布重心经历了由高原腹地(旧石器时期)—东南边缘谷地(新石器时期)—东部地域(青铜器时期以来)的转变;遗址分布形态特征则经历了均匀广布型(旧石器时期)、边缘河谷型(新石器时期)、河谷集聚型(青铜器时期)、退化分散型(吐蕃部落时期)、半月广布型(吐蕃王朝时期)、斑块广布型(元代)、连片集聚型(明清时期)的变化过程;青藏高原各时期遗址时空分布演变是海拔、气候变化、植被等自然环境,以及生产方式、技术、战争、人口迁移、政治政策等社会经济因素共同作用的结果。

关键词: 全新世, 文化遗址, 时空演变, 青藏高原

Abstract: Based on the ArcGIS spatial analysis,in this paper the geostatistical methods including the kernel density estimation,average nearest neighbor index and global spatial autocorrelation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution of 14 339 ancient cultural relics and the affecting factors on the Tibetan Plateau since the Holocene.The results showed that the nearest neighbor index of each ancient cultural relic was less than 1.The value of the global Moran’s I was between 0 and 1,there was a positive spatial autocorrelation of the ancient cultural relics,and the ancient cultural relics were distributed in an agglomeration way.The distribution core of the ancient cultural relics experienced a transition from the plateau hinterland (the Paleolithic period) to the southeastern marginal valley (the Neolithic period) and to the eastern region (after the Bronze Age).The morphological characteristics of the ancient cultural relics experienced a uniform distribution (the Paleolithic period),the marginal valley type (the Neolithic period),the valley agglomeration type (bronze period),the degraded dispersion type (the Tibetan regime tribe period),and the half-moon widespread type (the Tubo Dynasty period),the plaque-type (the Yuan Dynasty),and the contiguous cluster (the Ming and Qing dynasties) changes.The spatiotemporal distribution of the ancient cultural relics on the Tibetan Plateau was the result jointly affected by the altitude,climate change,changes of vegetation and other natural conditions,and production mode,technology,war,population migration,political policies,etc.

Key words: Holocene, ancient cultural relic, spatiotemporal change, Tibetan Plateau

金孙梅, 侯光良, 许长军, 兰措卓玛, 李生梅. 全新世以来青藏高原文化遗址时空演变及其驱动[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(5): 1049-1059.

JIN Sun-mei, HOU Guang-liang, XU Chang-jun, Lancuo Zhuoma, LI Sheng-mei. Spatiotemporal Changes and Driving Factors of Cultural Relicts on the Tibetan Plateau Since the Holocene[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(5): 1049-1059.

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