陇东黄土高原地表粗糙度对耕作土壤径流的影响

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 389-393.

陇东黄土高原地表粗糙度对耕作土壤径流的影响

牛伊宁^1,2, 南志标¹, 沈禹颖¹

1. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院农业部草地农业生态系统学重点开放实验室, 甘肃兰州 730020;
2. 甘肃干旱生境作物学重点实验室甘肃农业大学, 甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2010-03-31 修回日期:2010-08-03 出版日期:2011-06-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
通讯作者: 南志标.E-mail:yy.zhibiao@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:牛伊宁(1969-),男,甘肃宁县人,博士,主要从事农业和草地生态研究.E-mail:niuyn@gsau.edu.cn
基金资助:
澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)项目(LWR/2006/191)资助

Effect of Surface Roughness on Runoff over Cultivated Soil in the Longdong Loess Plateau

NIU Yi-ning^1,2, NAN Zhi-biao¹, SHEN Yu-ying¹

1. Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China;
2. Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2010-03-31 Revised:2010-08-03 Online:2011-06-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 用人工模拟降雨器,对陇东黄土高原不同地表粗糙度(RR)条件下翻耕土壤的径流和蓄水能力进行研究。以兰州大学庆阳黄土高原试验站为试验点,设3个处理:轻度(LR,RR=7.6 mm),中度(MR,RR=10.1 mm)和重度(HR,RR=21.0 mm)处理。结果表明:在66 mm/h的降雨强度下,降雨开始的20 min内,LR处理的径流量(3.5 mm)是降雨量的16%,而HR处理的径流量(0.9 mm)只有4%。降雨持续40 min时,LR的径流量(33.0 mm)达到降雨量的25%,与MR处理的径流量(34.8 mm)相近,是降雨量的21%,但HR的径流量只有8%(40.5 mm),它的蓄水量分别是LR和MR处理蓄水量的1.23倍和1.16倍。3个处理最后或稳定径流速度相近(LR, 35 mm/h;MR, 38 mm/h; HR, 33 mm/h),说明较大的地表粗糙度可以减少或延缓降雨前期的径流损失,增加蓄水量。

关键词: 模拟降雨, 耕作土壤, 地表粗糙度, 径流量, 蓄水量, 黄土高原, 陇东

Abstract: A simulated rainfall experiment was carried out to investigate the runoff and rainfall storage capacity under different surface roughness levels of cultivated soil in the Longdong Loess Plateau. The rainfall simulation was carried out at the Qingyang Experimental Station of Lanzhou University, a rain-fed agricultural production zone in the west Loess Plateau. The rainfall intensity was 66 mm/h in the field after winter wheat was harvested. The values of soil surface roughness were measured. There were three treatments: light roughness (LR, RR=7.6 mm), moderate roughness (MR, RR=10.1 mm) and heavy roughness (HR, RR=21.0 mm). The results show that the proportion of cumulative runoff in total rainfall was 16% for LR plots and 10% for MR plots, whereas it was only 4% for HR plots when rainfall continued for 20 minutes. When rainfall continued for 40 minutes, the proportion of cumulative runoff for HR plots was 8%, whereas it ranged from 21% to 25% for the LR and MR plots. The last or steady runoff rate was similar under three treatments (LR, 35 mm/h; MR, 38 mm/h; HR, 33 mm/h). This suggests that the soil surface with high roughness could store more water at the beginning of rainfall, but this trend was diminished with the continuance of rainfall. It is concluded that fallow could store more water through increasing soil surface roughness.

Key words: rainfall simulation, cultivated soil, soil surface roughness, runoff volume, water storage capacity, loess platedau, Longdong

中图分类号:

S152

牛伊宁, 南志标, 沈禹颖. 陇东黄土高原地表粗糙度对耕作土壤径流的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(3): 389-393.

NIU Yi-ning, NAN Zhi-biao, SHEN Yu-ying. Effect of Surface Roughness on Runoff over Cultivated Soil in the Longdong Loess Plateau[J]. , 2011, 28(3): 389-393.

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