降雨过程中土壤物理结皮入渗情况及当量孔径的变化研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1608-1614.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.07 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.10.07

降雨过程中土壤物理结皮入渗情况及当量孔径的变化研究

刘冠亨¹(),吴冠宇²,李建德³,王健¹(),杨琴侠⁴,薛冬⁴

1.西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院，陕西杨凌 712100
2.陕西省水利水电工程咨询中心，陕西西安 710000
3.黄河勘测规划设计研究院有限公司，河南郑州 450000
4.韩城市水土保持工作站，陕西韩城 714000

收稿日期:2023-03-01 修回日期:2023-06-04 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-01
作者简介:刘冠亨（2001-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤侵蚀方面的研究. E-mail: lgh18291278923@163.com
基金资助:
科技兴蒙行动重点专项(2022EEDSKXM005-01);国家自然科学基金项目(42377332)

Equivalent pore size characteristics in the soil physical crust

LIU Guanheng¹(),WU Guanyu²,LI Jiande³,WANG Jian¹(),YANG Qinxia⁴,XUE Dong⁴

1. College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
2. Shanxi Water Conservancy & Electricity Engineering Consultant Center, Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China
3. Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Henan 450000, Zhengzhou, China
4. Hancheng District Soil and Water Conservation Workstation, Hancheng 714000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-03-01 Revised:2023-06-04 Published:2023-10-15 Online:2023-11-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤物理结皮的孔径的大小直接影响土壤水分下渗和气体交换。因此，本研究通过人工模拟降雨，选择塿土为研究对象，采用微型盘式入渗仪进行入渗试验，研究土壤物理结皮在不同降雨强度下的入渗情况以及孔径变化情况。结果表明：（1）在-0.5 cm压力水头下，结构结皮的吸渗率随着降雨历时先减小，在20 min时增大，沉积结皮的吸渗率随着降雨历时的延长一直减小；（2）两类结皮随着降雨过程的进行，大孔隙（孔径>0.5 mm）占比开始减小，中等孔隙（孔径介于0.3~0.5 mm）占比增加，结构结皮在20 min时小孔隙（孔径<0.3 mm）占比有所减小，沉积结皮中等孔隙的占比在10 min后保持不变；（3）两类结皮的平均孔径均随降雨历时的延长而减小。负压水头增大过程中，土壤结皮有效吸渗能力减小，当土壤结皮发育完全后，吸渗率趋于稳定。

关键词: 土壤物理结皮, 土壤当量孔径, 人工模拟降雨, 微型盘式入渗仪, 吸渗率

Abstract:

Pore size in the soil physical crust directly affects soil water infiltration and gas exchange. However, few studies have investigated the changes in pore size within the soil physical crust during rainfall events. This study has utilized Lou soil as the research object and artificial rainfall simulations, with microdisk infiltration apparatus to study the infiltration of the soil physical crust under different rainfall intensities and the pore size changes. The results show that under the pressure head of -0.5 cm, the infiltration rate of the structural crust decreases with the rainfall duration and then increases after 20 min. As rainfall progresses, the proportion of large pores in the two types of crusts begins to decrease, and the proportion of medium pores increases. The proportion of small pores in the structural crust decreases at 20 min, and the proportion of medium pores in the sedimentary crust remains unchanged at 10 min. The average pore size for the two types of crusts was found to decrease with the extension of the rainfall duration. During the increase in the negative pressure head, the effective infiltration capacity of the soil crust decreased. When the soil crust developed completely, the infiltration rate tended to be stable.

Key words: soil physical crust, equivalent diameter of soil pore, artificial simulated rainfall, micro-disc infiltration instrument, permeability

刘冠亨, 吴冠宇, 李建德, 王健, 杨琴侠, 薛冬. 降雨过程中土壤物理结皮入渗情况及当量孔径的变化研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(10): 1608-1614.

LIU Guanheng, WU Guanyu, LI Jiande, WANG Jian, YANG Qinxia, XUE Dong. Equivalent pore size characteristics in the soil physical crust[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1608-1614.

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土壤类型	土壤质地	碳酸钙含量/(g·kg^-1)	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)	pH值	容重/(g·cm^-3)	颗粒组成/%
土壤类型	土壤质地	碳酸钙含量/(g·kg^-1)	有机质含量/(g·kg^-1)	pH值	容重/(g·cm^-3)	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.02 mm	0.02~0.2 mm	0.2~2.0 mm
塿土	粉砂壤土	84.8	8.53~22.7	8.29~8.40	1.30	10.32	57.93	30.18	1.57

降雨历时	结构结皮						沉积结皮
降雨历时	-0.5 cm	-1 cm	-2 cm	-3 cm	-4 cm	-5 cm	-0.5 cm	-1 cm	-2 cm	-3 cm	-4 cm	-5 cm
0 min	52.49	19.09	14.32	7.16	7.16	2.39	52.49	19.09	14.32	7.16	7.16	2.39
5 min	26.84	17.43	12.09	6.85	3.37	3.25	20.69	16.03	5.96	5.48	0.00	1.85
10 min	25.97	16.87	16.87	10.02	8.44	4.32	17.66	13.96	5.90	7.26	2.73	0.00
15 min	17.43	12.93	12.93	8.75	6.36	4.72	10.80	10.12	5.06	5.31	2.49	0.00
20 min	23.53	20.25	16.31	13.14	11.81	5.51	9.59	7.59	5.90	5.62	3.22	0.00
30 min	14.95	13.50	11.76	8.44	8.44	4.45	9.75	10.54	6.07	5.80	3.04	3.30

降雨过程中土壤物理结皮入渗情况及当量孔径的变化研究

Equivalent pore size characteristics in the soil physical crust

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