干旱区水电站建设运营生态环境影响遥感监测

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.13

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 1498-1508.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.13

干旱区水电站建设运营生态环境影响遥感监测

马瑶瑶^1,^2,³(),史培军^1,^2,³,徐伟^1,^2,³,张钢锋^1,^2,³()

1.北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室，北京 100875
2.应急管理部-教育部减灾与应急管理研究院，北京 100875
3.北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京 100875

收稿日期:2023-04-04 修回日期:2023-06-11 出版日期:2023-09-15 发布日期:2023-09-28
通讯作者: 张钢锋
作者简介:马瑶瑶（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事近地表风速时空变化及土壤风蚀研究. E-mail: 202221051206@mail.bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
青海省重点研发与转化计划(2022-SF-173);国家自然科学基金项目(42101027);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(019QZKK0606)

Remote sensing monitoring of the ecological environment of hydropower station construction and operation in arid areas： A case study of Longyangxia Hydropower Station

MA Yaoyao^1,^2,³(),SHI Peijun^1,^2,³,XU Wei^1,^2,³,ZHANG Gangfeng^1,^2,³()

1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, MOE, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
2. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Emergency Management & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
3. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received:2023-04-04 Revised:2023-06-11 Online:2023-09-15 Published:2023-09-28
Contact: Gangfeng ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水力发电是我国重要的清洁能源，然而水电站建设和运营周期长，其对生态系统的长期影响过程还不明确。尤其是干旱地区，因其特殊的地理位置与干旱少雨的气候条件，生态系统自我调节能力差，当地生态环境遭到破坏后往往难以修复。本文以我国干旱区典型水电站——龙羊峡水电站为例，利用Landsat系列卫星数据及陆地遥感产品，应用缓冲区分析、趋势性分析等方法，监测2000—2021年水电站周边生态环境并分析其对周边区域生态环境的影响。结果表明：（1） 2000—2021年龙羊峡水电站周边土地利用的格局并未发生明显改变，草地面积相对占比轻微上升，其他类型土地利用占比轻微下降。（2） 2000—2021年，龙羊峡水电站周边湿地面积显著增加。（3）龙羊峡水电站周边区域近20 a植被生长状况良好，植被覆盖度高值区域面积占比增大。（4）水电站周边区域植被固碳能力提升，随着湿地面积增速放缓，植被生产力逐渐恢复。

关键词: 水电站, 生态环境影响, 植被覆盖度, 土地利用类型, 遥感监测

Abstract:

Hydropower is an important clean energy source in China. However, the construction and operation cycles of hydropower stations are long, and their long-term impact on the ecosystem is unclear. In arid areas, with their unique geographical location and dry climate, ecosystems often have limited self-regulation abilities, making restoring the local ecological environment after damage challenging. This study focuses on Longyangxia Hydropower Station, a representative hydropower station in an arid region of China, and uses Landsat series satellite data and land remote sensing products to monitor the ecological environment surrounding the hydropower station from 2000 to 2021. The study employs buffer zone and trend analyses to assess the impact on the ecological environment arounding the Hydropower. The results indicate the following: (1) The land use pattern around Longyangxia Hydropower Station did not change significantly from 2000 to 2021. However, the proportion of grasslands increased slightly, while that of other land use types decreased slightly. (2) During the same period, the wetland area around Longyangxia Hydropower Station increased significantly. (3) The vegetation in the surrounding area of Longyangxia Hydropower Station showed good growth over the past two decades, with an increase in the proportion of areas with high vegetation coverage. (4) The carbon sequestration capacity of vegetation in the vicinity of the hydropower station improved, and vegetation productivity gradually recovered as the growth rate of the wetland area decreased.

Key words: hydropower stations, ecological environment impact, vegetation coverage, land use types, remote sensing, monitoring

马瑶瑶, 史培军, 徐伟, 张钢锋. 干旱区水电站建设运营生态环境影响遥感监测[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(9): 1498-1508.

MA Yaoyao, SHI Peijun, XU Wei, ZHANG Gangfeng. Remote sensing monitoring of the ecological environment of hydropower station construction and operation in arid areas： A case study of Longyangxia Hydropower Station[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1498-1508.

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年份	不同等级植被覆盖度占比/%
年份	0%~10%	10%~20%	20%~40%	40%~60%	60%~80%	80%~100%
2000	2.18	18.11	49.85	20.45	6.11	3.37
2005	1.76	14.99	53.19	18.37	6.2	5.6
2010	1.28	3.91	45.02	29.45	12.1	8.35
2015	0.92	0.2	31.35	43.35	17.14	7.11
2020	0.14	0.03	0.56	37.43	40.41	21.46

土地利用类型	面积占比/%
土地利用类型	2000年	2005年	2010年	2015年	2020年
耕地	3.34	3.48	3.66	3.56	1.97
林地	0.22	0.11	0.09	0.09	0.17
草地	42.73	41.46	46.3	45.07	45.55
水域	33.69	35.17	28.99	31.48	32.36
未利用土地	20.02	19.78	20.96	19.8	19.95

2000年	2020年
2000年	草地	耕地	林地	水域	未利用土地	2000年转出
草地	303.15	8.2	0.86	35.34	47.47	91.87
耕地	6.12	8.46	0	9.93	6.49	22.54
林地	1	0	0.98	0.02	0	1.02
水域	11.61	0.04	0	294.03	7.16	18.81
未利用土地	39.1	1.83	0.15	27.65	107.98	68.73
2020转入	57.83	10.06	1.02	72.94	61.13

干旱区水电站建设运营生态环境影响遥感监测

Remote sensing monitoring of the ecological environment of hydropower station construction and operation in arid areas： A case study of Longyangxia Hydropower Station

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