阿克苏河流域生态网络构建

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.09.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

阿克苏河流域位于西北干旱区，具有十分典型的绿洲-荒漠格局。构建流域生态网络，对于筑建“一带一路”沿线地区生态屏障具有重要意义。以阿克苏河流域5县市为对象，基于生态源地和阻力面提取流域生态廊道，对比分析1980—2020年流域生态网络变化，根据生态“夹点”和障碍点优化2020年流域生态网络。研究发现：（1）研究期间流域生态源地面积上升6%，空间上存在一定程度的破碎化问题。（2）流域阻力值总体上小幅度上升，在经济较为发达的地区出现以城镇为中心的高阻力值区。（3）研究期间增加6条新的生态廊道，生态网络相较之前更加密集。（4） 2020年流域生态网络包含12处夹点和7处障碍点，针对土地覆被类型提出相应的改进措施。研究可为干旱区生态网络修复、关键区域识别和区域绿色发展提供启示。

关键词: 生态网络, 生态源地, 生态廊道, 阿克苏河流域

Abstract:

The Aksu River Basin exhibits a typical oasis-desert pattern and is a significant ecological barrier along the Belt and Road. Rivers are crucial to the stability and development of ecosystems in arid regions. In the 1980s, the ecological environment of the Aksu River Basin faced severe environmental problems. Several ecological restoration projects have been implemented since 1986 to address these issues, resulting in improvements to the ecological environment. In this study, five counties and cities within the Aksu River Basin were selected as the study area to establish an ecological safety network. This network, which is of great research value and significance, was constructed by identifying ecological source areas, building an ecological resistance surface, extracting ecological corridors, and recognizing ecological pinch points and ecological barrier points in the Aksu River Basin. To identify and extract the ecological source areas, a morphological spatial pattern analysis was employed. Based on the physical geography and climate characteristics of the region, seven factors were selected to build an ecological resistance surface. Using the ecological sources and resistance surface as a foundation, the ecological corridors within the basin were identified. Furthermore, the data from five periods (1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020) were compared and analyzed to reveal changes in the ecological safety network over time. Additionally, an ecological network optimization plan was developed by identifying ecological pinch points and obstacles within the basin as of 2020. The research findings indicated the following: (1) Over the 40-year period, ecological restoration, and afforestation projects positively impacted the ecological environment of the Aksu River Basin. The ecological source area increased by 6%, almost double its previous size. (2) Due to the process of urbanization and industrial development, the resistance value of the river basin generally increased slightly. Areas with high resistance values were evident around towns in the economically developed areas of Aksu City. (3) Ecological corridors were mainly concentrated in the central and northern parts of the basin, with six new corridors added during the study period, indicating a denser ecological network and a more stable ecosystem than before. (4) The ecological network included 12 pinch points and seven barrier points in 2020. Based on these points, the government could implement ecological restoration to improve the resilience of the ecological network and propose corresponding improvement measures for land cover types. This research can provide a reference for ecological network restoration, key area identification, and land space optimization along the Belt and Road against the background of dual carbon. Furthermore, this study provides new inspiration for green development in arid basins.

Key words: ecological networks, ecological sources, ecological corridor, Aksu River Basin

孙茂森,王让会,宁虎森. 阿克苏河流域生态网络构建[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(9): 1509-1516.

SUN Maosen,WANG Ranghui,NING Husen. Construction of the ecological network in the Aksu River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(9): 1509-1516.

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年份	核心区面积占比/%	重要生态源地数/个	重要生态源地面积占流域总面积比例/%	重要生态廊道/条
1980	6.48	7	2.76	9
1990	6.46	7	2.77	9
2000	9.27	6	5.37	7
2010	10.82	9	7.52	16
2020	12.47	10	9.06	17

阻力因子	权重	阻力等级
阻力因子	权重	1	2	3	4	5
土地利用类型	0.27	林地、耕地和中、高覆盖度草地	低覆盖度草地、水体	盐碱地、沼泽地	其他未利用土地	城乡、工矿、居民用地
距水体距离/km	0.13	≤0.1	(0.1，0.5]	(0.5，1.0]	(1.0，1.5]	>1.5
距城镇距离/km	0.15	>2.5	(2.0，2.5]	(1.5，2.0]	(1.0，1.5]	≤1.0
距农村居民点距离/km	0.11	>2.0	(1.5，2.0]	(1.0，1.5]	(0.5，1.0]	≤0.5
距工业点距离/km	0.17	>3.5	(3.0，3.5]	(2.5，3.0]	(2.0，2.5]	≤2.0
坡度/（°）	0.08	≤5	(5，12]	(12，21]	(21，30]	>30
海拔/km	0.09	≤1.4	(1.4，2.1]	(2.1，3.0]	(3.0，4.1]	>4.1