西安市河流沉积物重金属分布特征及其与土地利用类型关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解不同土地利用类型对河流沉积物重金属分布影响,以西安典型城市河流（灞河、浐河、沣河和黑河）为研究对象,采用潜在生态风险法（RI）、污染负荷指数法（PLI）、相关性分析与主成分分析等方法对河流沉积物重金属（Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和As）的空间分布、环境风险以及来源进行分析和评价。结果表明：4条河流沉积物重金属含量大小为：浐河>灞河>黑河>沣河;相关性分析表明,河岸小范围内林地与草地对于重金属富集作用更强;RI结果表明,Cd对于污染贡献最大,4条河流均处于中等潜在生态风险;PLI结果表明,黑河H1样点受到污染程度最高,为中度污染;RI与PLI评价均表明,浐河样点受污染占比最大,且集中在人造地占比与人类活动强度较大的中下游;相关性分析与主成分分析表明,大部分重金属来源于工业与农业生产排放以及交通污染等人类活动。为防止污染进一步加深,应特别注意Cd污染的防治,特别是沣河中游与黑河中游。

关键词: 城市河流, 沉积物重金属, 空间分布, 土地利用类型, 生态风险

Abstract:

Typical urban rivers in Xi’an (Ba River, Chan River, Feng River, and Hei River) were selected as the research object to understand the impact of different land-use types on the distribution of heavy metals in river sediments. The spatial distribution, environmental risks, and sources of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and As) in river sediments were analyzed and evaluated using potential ecological risk (RI), pollution load index (PLI), correlation analysis, and principal component analysis. Results showed that the content of heavy metals in the sediments of the four rivers was presented in the following order: Chan River > Ba River > Hei River > Feng River. The RI results showed that Cd remarkably contributed to the pollution, and the four rivers were all at moderate potential ecological risk. The PLI results showed that the H1 sample site in Hei River was moderately polluted, which was the highest. The RI and PLI results showed that the sample sites in the Chan River were the most polluted, and they were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches where the proportion of artificial ground and intensity of human activities were high. In addition, the results of correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that most heavy metals came from human activities such as emissions from industrial and agricultural production and traffic pollution. Therefore, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of Cd pollution, particularly in the middle reaches of Feng River and Hei River, to prevent further pollution.

Key words: urban rivers, heavy metals in sediments, spatial distribution, land use types, ecological risks

胡长通,杨涛,万旭昊,孙来康,郑奕文,严雪溶. 西安市河流沉积物重金属分布特征及其与土地利用类型关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1270-1281.

HU Changtong,YANG Tao,WAN Xuhao,SUN Laikang,ZHENG Yiwen,YAN Xuerong. Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in river sediments and their relationship with land use types in Xi’an City[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1270-1281.

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E_r	生态风险	RI	生态风险
E_r<40	低	RI<150	低
40≤E_r<80	轻度	150≤RI<300	轻度
80≤E_r<160	中度	300≤RI<600	中度
160≤E_r<320	高	RI≥600	高
E_r≥320	非常高	-	-

	样品数量		Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	Cd	As
西安市河流	24	平均	45.53	810.60	33.07	32.01	88.33	0.44	6.31
		C_v/%	75.81	42.53	71.56	56.53	39.84	140.75	53.25
灞河	8	平均	19.94	767.92	39.88	27.77	93.19	0.49	5.78
		C_v/%	105.25	39.89	84.53	30.76	26.70	144.98	46.63
浐河	8	平均	44.73	1007.71	28.02	34.38	102.69	0.44	6.73
		C_v/%	39.71	28.48	13.44	31.51	40.59	91.22	23.08
沣河	4	平均	49.25	601.46	20.33	25.00	79.71	0.46	4.88
		C_v/%	28.74	27.88	47.73	58.43	32.76	144.43	30.62
黑河	4	平均	94.58	710.92	42.29	42.75	58.54	0.42	7.97
		C_v/%	43.64	62.5	56.69	79.61	42.37	143.03	79.79
背景值			62.50	557.00	28.80	25.90	73.00	0.094	11.10

范围	Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	Cd	As
100 m	林地-0.69^**	林地-0.55^*	林地-0.68^**	林地-0.50^*	-	-	林地-0.66^**
	-	-	-	-	-	-	草地-0.80^**
300 m	林地-0.55^*	草地-0.50^*	林地-0.54^*				林地-0.52^*
	草地-0.55^*	-	-	-	-	-	-
500 m	林地-0.54^*	林地-0.62^**	-	-	-	-	-
	草地-0.53^*	草地-0.51^*	-	-	-	-	-
800 m	林地-0.50^*	林地-0.54^*	-	-	-	-	-
1500 m	林地-0.51^*	林地-0.51^*	-	-	-	-	-
河岸带人类活动强度指数	0.72^**	0.83^**	0.72^**	0.51^*	-	0.62^*	0.72^**

河流	Cr	Mn	Ni	Cu	Zn	Cd	As	RI
灞河	0.64	1.38	6.92	5.36	1.28	139.63	5.20	160.41
浐河	1.43	1.81	4.86	6.64	1.41	139.63	6.07	161.84
沣河	1.58	1.08	3.53	4.83	1.09	146.28	4.40	162.78
黑河	3.03	1.28	7.34	8.25	0.80	132.98	7.18	160.86