古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积物粒度和微量元素记录晚全新世气候变化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 古尔班通古特沙漠受西风环流影响显著，是中亚干旱区沙尘释放的主要源地之一，其在全新世不同时期的气候干湿、风沙变化规律有待进一步探究。本文选取古尔班通古特沙漠南缘两个典型沙丘（沙垄）剖面，采用光释光测年技术建立剖面年代标尺，以风积物粒度参数、微量元素含量及元素比值作为环境代用指标，综合提取沙丘沉积序列记录的古气候变化信息。结果表明：研究区晚全新世以来古气候和风沙活动强度有较明显变化，约4.71~2.15 ka，气候冷暖交替、干燥少雨，风沙波动较大；2.15~0.75 ka，气候较为暖湿、风沙活动较弱；0.75 ka至今，前期的小冰期风沙活动较强，后期气候向暖干化方向发展。总体上，研究区的气温变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性，但湿度波动与风沙活动强度变化具有明显的区域性特点。

关键词: 风沙沉积, 微量元素, 晚全新世, 气候变化, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

The Gurbantunggut Desert, significantly influenced by westerly circulation, is a major source of sand and dust in the arid zone of Central Asia. However, debates persist regarding climatic dry-wet fluctuations and aeolian sand changes in the desert throughout the Holocene. This study focuses on two representative dune (sand ridge) profiles located at the southern edge of the desert. Optically stimulated luminescence dating was employed to establish an age scale for these profiles. We analyzed the particle size of wind deposits, the content of trace elements, and the ratios of these elements as environmental proxies to extract information on paleoclimate changes recorded in the dune depositional sequences. The findings indicate significant alterations in paleoclimate and the intensity of wind and sand activities since the Late Holocene in the study area. Between approximately 4.71 and 2.15 ka, the climate fluctuated between warm and cold periods, characterized by aridity and minimal precipitation, alongside notable variations in wind and sand activity. From 2.15 to 0.75 ka, the climate transitioned to a warmer and wetter state, accompanied by a decline in wind and sand activity. In the period from 0.75 ka to the present, strong wind and sand activities were observed during the early Little Ice Age, followed by a shift toward a warmer and drier climate in subsequent years. The temperature changes in the study area generally align with global trends. However, humidity fluctuations and variations in aeolian activity intensity exhibit distinct regional characteristics.

Key words: dust deposition, trace elements, Late Holocene, climate change, Gurbantunggut Desert

邵俊杰, 陶通炼, 李志忠. 古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沉积物粒度和微量元素记录晚全新世气候变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 788-799.

SHAO Junjie, TAO Tonglian, LI Zhizhong. Late Holocene climate change recorded by grain size and trace elements in sediments from the southern margin of the Gurbantunggut Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 788-799.

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样号	埋深/m	铀/（μg·g^-1）	钍/（μg·g^-1）	钾/（μg·g^-1）	环境剂量率/（Gy·ka^-1）	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
MT-01	0.6	1.43±0.02	5.17±0.07	2.04±0.02	2.78±0.12	0.41±0.03	0.15±0.01
MT-02	1.5	1.57±0.02	4.64±0.03	2.01±0.02	2.72±0.12	5.75±0.17	2.11±0.11
MT-03	3.6	1.33±0.01	4.71±0.02	1.92±0.02	2.55±0.11	5.95±0.17	2.33±0.12
WT-01	1.0	1.78±0.04	5.98±0.06	1.95±0.02	2.83±0.12	6.63±0.13	2.34±0.11
WT-02	1.5	1.88±0.02	8.26±0.07	1.82±0.01	2.87±0.12	5.99±0.14	2.09±0.10
WT-03	2.0	1.58±0.02	5.78±0.04	1.96±0.01	2.76±0.12	7.13±0.23	2.59±0.14
WT-04	2.5	1.46±0.02	6.71±0.03	1.91±0.02	2.73±0.11	11.26±0.34	4.13±0.21
WT-05	3.0	1.23±0.02	5.19±0.03	1.90±0.01	2.56±0.11	10.68±0.27	4.18±0.21
WT-06	3.5	1.32±0.02	8.25±0.07	1.89±0.02	2.76±0.12	9.68±0.40	3.51±0.21
WT-07	4.0	1.30±0.01	5.59±0.04	2.03±0.02	2.70±0.12	12.74±0.44	4.71±0.26

元素	As	Ba	Co	Cu	Cr	La	Mn	Ni	Nb
平均值	13.95	591.95	7.76	32.03	42.76	21.92	558.95	22.57	17.76
变化范围	13~14	460~695	6~9	21~36	36~49	18~26	531~611	12~26	15~22
标准差	0.23	43.82	0.72	2.59	3.08	2.07	18.71	2.24	1.23
UCC值	1.50	550.00	10.00	25.00	35.00	30.00	600.00	20.00	25.00
元素	Pb	Rb	Th	Y	Sr	Zn	V	Ti	Zr
平均值	46.27	94.46	24.59	29.65	269.00	49.14	76.97	2950.78	211.86
变化范围	33~53	89~99	17~28	28~31	252~283	44~55	75~79	2799~3119	269~174
标准差	2.89	2.10	1.59	0.59	6.75	2.69	0.90	75.72	17.78
UCC值	20.00	112.00	10.70	22.00	350.00	71.00	60.00	3000.00	190.00

元素	As	Ba	Co	Cu	Cr	La	Mn	Ni	Nb
平均值	13.98	550.30	6.00	24.34	44.09	20.89	560.11	24.02	18.30
变化范围	13~14	503~643	4~8	18~38	38~53	18~24	503~645	22~26	17~20
标准差	0.15	32.97	0.68	3.18	3.26	1.48	24.05	1.09	0.70
UCC值	1.50	550.00	10.00	25.00	35.00	30.00	600.00	20.00	25.00
元素	Pb	Rb	Th	Y	Sr	Zn	V	Ti	Zr
平均值	49.11	97.39	25.16	30.31	268.93	43.43	76.91	2991.07	272.52
变化范围	44~53	91~106	22~27	29~32	256~308	37~50	73~82	2632~3478	186~346
标准差	1.97	2.62	1.01	0.67	10.29	2.97	1.43	137.24	38.46
UCC值	20.00	112.00	10.70	22.00	350.00	71.00	60.00	3000.00	190.00