干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1236-1245.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.07 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250707

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

古尔班通古特沙漠不同坡位地衣结皮土壤磷组分分布特征

杨孜悦1,2(), 尹本丰2,3, 张署军2,3,4, 黄韵杰2,3,4, 杨傲2,5, 张元明2,3, 高英志1, 井长青1()   

  1. 1.新疆农业大学草业学院，新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室，西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态教育部重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆干旱区生物多样性保育与应用重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
    4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
    5.新疆师范大学生命科学学院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 修回日期:2025-04-02 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-07
  • 通讯作者: 井长青. E-mail: jingchangqing@126.com
  • 作者简介:杨孜悦（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区生态适应与功能过程研究. E-mail: yangziyuee@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才领军(2022TSYCLJ0058);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2022D01D83);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2022D01A349);新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才

Distribution of soil phosphorus fractions in lichen crusts at different slope positions in Gurbantunggut Desert

YANG Ziyue1,2(), YIN Benfeng2,3, ZHANG Shujun2,3,4, HUANG Yunjie2,3,4, YANG Ao2,5, ZHANG Yuanming2,3, GAO Yingzhi1, JING Changqing1()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology, Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
    5. College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-04-02 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-07-07

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摘要： 沙垄作为沙漠的基本地形单元，不同坡位的地表水热环境深刻影响了生物土壤结皮的发育和空间分布格局。地衣结皮广泛分布于沙漠表面，然而不同坡位地衣结皮将如何影响土壤磷循环，其关键影响因素是什么等科学问题仍不清楚。基于此，本文以古尔班通古特沙漠为研究区，系统分析了不同坡位地衣结皮层和下层0~5 cm土壤磷组分及相关酶活性变化特征。结果显示：土壤中的稳定性磷（HCl-Pi、HHCl-Po、HHCl-Pi和Residual-P）占到全磷（TP）含量的75%以上，其次为中度不稳定性磷（NaOH-Pi和NaOH-Po）和不稳定性磷（Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi和NaHCO3-Po）。坡位对稳定性磷具有显著影响，土层对中度不稳定性磷具有显著影响（P<0.05）。稳定性磷、TP、有机磷（Po）和无机磷（Pi）的含量均表现出在结皮层中坡底显著高于东坡和西坡，在下层0~5 cm土壤中西坡显著低于坡底和东坡（P<0.05）。而NaOH-Pi的含量均呈现出在结皮层中东坡和西坡显著高于坡底，在下层0~5 cm土壤中西坡显著高于东坡与坡底。在土壤酶方面，东坡具有结皮层最低和下层0~5 cm土壤最高的碱性磷酸酶活性（ALP）和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性（GC）。随机森林模型分析表明，坡位带来的水分和温度变化分别是影响地衣结皮土壤不稳定性磷和稳定性磷含量的最关键因子。这为丰富荒漠生态系统土壤磷循环相关理论提供了科学支撑。

关键词: 生物土壤结皮, 地衣结皮, 磷循环, 温带荒漠, 坡位, 古尔班通古特沙漠

Abstract:

As the fundamental terrain of deserts, sand ridges play a crucial role in shaping the surface water and thermal environment at different slope positions, which profoundly influences how biological soil crusts develop and their spatial distribution patterns. Lichen crusts are widely distributed on the desert surface. However, issues such as how lichen crusts at different slope positions affect the soil phosphorous cycle and what factors play key roles in influencing this remain unclear. Against this background, this study was conducted in Gurbantunggut Desert, involving a systematic analysis of the changes in phosphorus fractions and related enzyme activities in the lichen crust and 0-5 cm soil layer beneath the crust at different slope positions. The results showed that stable phosphorus in the soil (HCl-Pi, HHCl-Po, HHCl-Pi, and Residual-P) accounted for over 75% of the total phosphorus (TP) content, followed by medium labile phosphorus (NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po) and labile phosphorus (Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, and NaHCO3-Po). The slope position had a significant impact on stable phosphorus, and the soil layer had a significant impact on medium labile phosphorus (P<0.05). The data on the contents of stable phosphorus, TP, organic phosphorus (Po), and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) all revealed that, in the crust layer, the values at the bottom of the slope were significantly higher than those on the east and west slopes, while in the 0-5 cm soil layer, the values on the west slope were significantly lower than those at the bottom of the slope and on the east slope (P<0.05). However, the content of NaOH-Pi was significantly higher on the east and west slopes than at the bottom of the slope in the crust layer, and it was significantly higher on the west slope than on the east slope and at the bottom of the slope in the 0-5 cm soil layer. In terms of soil enzymes, the east slope exhibited the lowest activity of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and β-glucosidase activity (GC) in the crust layer, but the highest in the 0-5 cm soil layer. Random forest model analysis showed that the changes in moisture and temperature brought about by the slope position were the most important factors affecting the levels of labile phosphorus and stable phosphorus in the crust soil, respectively. This provides scientific support that enriches the theoretical framework of soil phosphorous cycling in desert ecosystems.

Key words: biological soil crusts, lichen crusts, phosphorus cycling, temperate deserts, slope position, Gurbantunggut Desert