且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水中硼的分布特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1222-1235.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.06 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250706

且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水中硼的分布特征及其影响因素

刘亮¹^,²^,³(), 董江伟⁴^,⁵, 周金龙¹^,²^,³(), 李江⁴

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
4.石河子大学水利建筑工程学院，新疆石河子 832003
5.新疆且末县水利综合服务中心，新疆且末 841900

收稿日期:2024-07-10 修回日期:2024-11-07 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-07
通讯作者: 周金龙. E-mail: zjzhoujl@163.com
作者简介:刘亮（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为水文地球化学及地下水保护. E-mail: 1343912341@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42067035)

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of distribution of boron in surface water and groundwater in the oasis area of Qiemo County and factors influencing it

LIU Liang¹^,²^,³(), DONG Jiangwei⁴^,⁵, ZHOU Jinlong¹^,²^,³(), LI Jiang⁴

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
4. College of Water Conservancy & Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
5. Water Conservancy Integrated Service Center of Qiemo County, Qiemo 841900, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-07-10 Revised:2024-11-07 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新疆且末县绿洲区存在高硼地表水和地下水，严重影响居民身体健康。为初步探明且末县绿洲区水化学特征及硼的主要来源，2023年共采集了24组水样（4组地表水、20组地下水），运用Piper三线图、Gibbs图，相关性分析、氢氧同位素、APCS-MLR（绝对主成分-多元线性回归）模型等方法对且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水的水化学特征及其硼的来源进行初步分析，定量评估了不同因子对水中硼和其他水化学组分的贡献。结果表明：（1）且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水整体呈弱碱性，pH均值为8.22，地下水主要为微咸水，阴阳离子主要为SO₄^2-、Na⁺。（2）水化学类型较多，地表水和地下水均以SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg型为主。（3）研究区内地表水中硼的均值为2.34 mg·L^-1，超标率为100%；地下水中硼的均值为1.73 mg·L^-1，超标率为70%。（4） APCS-MLR受体模型分析揭示了水化学组分及硼的来源主要有溶滤-富集因子（F1：58.21%）、原生地质因子（F2：15.42%）、人类活动因子（F3：11.18%）和未知源。区内水中硼超标现象明显，地质环境对水中硼的富集具有较大影响。

关键词: 高硼地下水, 高硼地表水, 分布特征, 影响因素, 且末县

Abstract:

There are high levels of boron in surface water and groundwater in the oasis area of Qiemo County, Xinjiang, which seriously affects the health of residents. To clarify the chemical characteristics of the oasis water and the main source of the boron, 24 groundwater samples from each of 20 locations were collected in 2023. They were then analyzed using a Piper three-line plot, Gibbs diagram, and correlation analysis, along with evaluations of hydrogen-oxygen isotopes. An APCS-MLR (absolute principal component-multiple linear regression) model of the chemical characteristics of surface water and groundwater and the source of the boron was also constructed, as well as quantitative evaluation of the contribution of different factors to water boron levels and other hydrochemical components. The results showed that the surface water and groundwater in the oasis area of Qiemo County are weakly alkaline, the mean pH is 8.22, the groundwater is mainly brackish water, and the anode ions are mainly $S O 4 2 -$ and Na⁺. There are many types of hydrochemistry, with surface water and groundwater mainly containing SO₄·Cl-Na·Mg. The mean level of boron in the surface water in the study area was 2.34 mg·L^-1, with an exceeding rate of 100%; meanwhile, the corresponding value in the groundwater was 1.73 mg·L^-1, with an exceeding rate of 70%. APCS-MLR receptor model analysis revealed that the hydrochemical components and boron sources were mainly soluble filter-enrichment factors (F1: 58.21%), native geological factors (F2: 15.42%), human activity factors (F3: 11.18%), and unknown sources. These findings clarify the cause of the excessive boron in the area, and show that the geological environment has a great influence on the accumulation of boron in water.

Key words: high boron groundwater, high boron surface water, hydrochemical characteristics, analysis of influencing factors, Qiemo County

刘亮, 董江伟, 周金龙, 李江. 且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水中硼的分布特征及其影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1222-1235.

LIU Liang, DONG Jiangwei, ZHOU Jinlong, LI Jiang. Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of distribution of boron in surface water and groundwater in the oasis area of Qiemo County and factors influencing it[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(7): 1222-1235.

图/表 14

图1

表1

研究区水化学参数统计值"

指标	地下水（n=20）					地表水（n=4）
指标	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差	变异系数	最大值	最小值	均值	标准差	变异系数
B	6.42	0.25	1.73	1.29	0.75	3.23	1.91	2.34	0.53	0.23
Na⁺+K⁺	1713.64	135.10	349.24	362.13	1.04	385.58	154.39	228.45	93.26	0.41
Ca²⁺	300.90	43.70	81.44	52.59	0.65	68.20	53.40	62.40	6.10	0.10
Mg²⁺	194.70	16.50	63.92	48.36	0.76	77.90	36.00	49.03	17.09	0.35
Cl^-	2394.00	146.00	457.35	489.67	1.07	515.00	184.00	287.50	134.79	0.47
$S O 4 2 -$	1466.00	84.00	358.35	327.40	0.91	385.00	163.00	239.75	90.08	0.38
$H C O 3 -$	719.00	149.00	245.65	138.35	0.56	325.00	210.00	249.25	44.77	0.20
F^-	1.37	0.59	1.14	0.34	0.30	1.08	0.62	0.78	0.18	0.23
TDS	6154.00	641.00	1433.20	1255.43	0.88	1596.00	701.00	995.25	360.09	0.36
TH	1553.00	209.00	466.55	300.71	0.64	491.00	285.00	358.00	81.39	0.23
pH	8.33	7.62	8.06	0.18	0.02	8.44	8.30	8.38	0.06	0.01

表1

图2

图3

表2

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

表3

公因子特征值及成分矩阵"

		解释的总方差		化学指标		旋转成分矩阵
公因子		初始特征值				公因子
公因子	合计	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%		1	2	3
1	7.657	58.210	58.210	B	0.056	0.924	-0.144
2	2.005	15.424	73.634	Na⁺	0.982	0.025	-0.117
3	1.453	11.177	84.812	K⁺	0.880	0.204	-0.26
4	0.932	7.165	91.977	Ca²⁺	0.874	-0.199	0.178
5	0.557	4.284	96.262	Mg²⁺	0.896	0.352	-0.037
6	0.243	1.866	98.128	Cl^-	0.988	-0.036	-0.075
7	0.150	1.152	99.279	$S O 4 2 -$	0.972	-0.01	-0.119
8	0.062	0.474	99.753	$H C O 3 -$	0.002	0.933	0.069
9	0.025	0.189	99.942	$N O 2 -$ -N	0.025	-0.064	0.874
10	0.007	0.052	99.994	F^-	0.254	0.031	-0.570
11	0.001	0.006	100.000	TDS	0.991	0.050	-0.086
12	0.000	0.000	100.000	TH	0.974	0.147	0.053
13	0.000	0.000	100.000	Eh	0.470	0.377	0.464

表3

图10

图11

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水样类别	统计值	δD/‰	δ¹⁸O/‰	d/‰
高硼地下水（n=14）	最大值	-55.682	-8.134	16.623
	最小值	-70.487	-10.167	6.616
	平均值	-63.316	-9.277	10.899
低硼地下水（n=6）	最大值	-56.157	-8.486	16.724
	最小值	-74.159	-11.105	11.730
	平均值	-68.624	-10.286	13.664
高硼地表水（n=4）	最大值	-54.189	-7.016	9.997
	最小值	-61.060	-8.803	1.936
	平均值	-58.925	-8.258	7.136

且末县绿洲区地表水与地下水中硼的分布特征及其影响因素

Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of distribution of boron in surface water and groundwater in the oasis area of Qiemo County and factors influencing it

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