沙丘土壤含水量与地下水埋深时空变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.06.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱半干旱沙丘区降水稀少，蒸发量大，水资源状况是其生态系统运行的关键因素。沙丘区土壤含水量及地下水是其水资源状况的关键衡量指标，本研究依据植被盖度梯度，在沙丘区选取典型沙丘（流动沙丘、半固定沙丘、固定沙丘）为研究对象，开展了不同植被盖度下和不同沙丘坡位的土壤水分含量和地下水埋深变化特征研究。结果表明：（1）沙丘植被盖度影响沙丘土壤含水量，随着植被盖度的增高，沙丘土壤水分含量逐渐降低，表现为土壤水分含量顺序为：流动沙丘>半固定沙丘>固定沙丘。沙丘不同坡位土壤水分含量存在差异，表现为：迎风坡底>背风坡底>迎风坡中>丘顶>背风坡中的趋势。沙丘土壤水分的时间变化特征主要受到降雨过程的控制，呈现出与降雨发生特征的一致性。（2）沙丘区地下水位季节性变化表现出非生长季明显回升，生长季逐渐下降的趋势，年度变化范围-0.21～0.18 m之间。植被盖度影响沙丘区地下水位的变化特征，变异系数由大到小为：固定沙丘> 半固定沙丘>流动沙丘；受降雨影响，当短时间内累积降雨量或者单次降雨量超过30 mm时，沙丘区地下水位表现出对应的回升，回升幅度受到沙丘表面植被盖度和坡位的影响而呈现差异。（3）地下水可能对沙丘坡底位置深层土壤水分进行补给，但对沙丘坡中及以上区域土壤水分未见明显补给作用。

关键词: 沙丘植被盖度, 沙丘坡位, 土壤含水量, 地下水埋深

Abstract: In arid and semi-arid dune areas, precipitation is scarce and evaporation occurs quickly; thus, the status of water resources is the key factor for the operation of these ecosystems. Soil water content and groundwater in the dune area are the main water resource measurement indicators. Based on vegetation cover gradients, the typical sand dune types (mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes, fixed dunes) were selected in the dune study area, and changes in soil moisture content and groundwater depth were measured in the dunes under different vegetation coverage and slope positions. The results revealed that vegetation coverage was the main factor affecting dune soil moisture content. As the vegetation coverage increases, the soil moisture content gradually decreases. The sequence of soil moisture content in each of the dune types was highest in the mobile dune, followed by the semi-fixed dune, and finally the fixed dune. Differences in soil moisture content were also observed at different slope positions, showing the trend of windward slope bottom > leeward slope bottom > middle windward slope > hilltop > leeward slope. The temporal variation characteristics of dune soil moisture were consistent with the occurrence characteristics of rainfall and mainly controlled by the rainfall process. In addition, the seasonal change in the groundwater level in the dune area showed a marked rise in the non-growing season and a gradual decline in the growing season, with an annual variation range of -0.21-0.18 m. Vegetation coverage also affected the groundwater level in the dune area. The coefficient of variation from large to small was fixed dunes > semi-fixed dunes > mobile dunes. The groundwater level is influenced by rainfall; when the cumulative rainfall in a short time or single rainfall exceeds 30 mm, the groundwater level in the dune area shows a corresponding rise. The rise amplitude is influenced by the vegetation coverage and slope position on the dune surface. Furthermore, groundwater may recharge the deep soil water at the bottom of the dune slope, but has no obvious replenishment effect on the soil water in the middle and top of the dune slope.

Key words: dune vegetation coverage, dune slope position, soil moisture content, groundwater depth

张圆浩, 阿拉木萨, 印家旺, 蒋绍妍. 沙丘土壤含水量与地下水埋深时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(6): 1427-1436.

ZHANG Yuan-hao, Ala Musa, YIN Jia-wang, JIANG Shao-yan. Spatial and temporal variations in sand dune soil moisture content and groundwater depth[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(6): 1427-1436.

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