干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1140-1152.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.07.06

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘南藏族自治州土地利用与生态风险时空演变及驱动因素

高鹏程1(), 岳艳妮1(), 鄢继选1, 王世杰2,3,4, 别强2,3,4   

  1. 1.甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.兰州交通大学测绘与地理信息学院,甘肃 兰州 730070
    3.地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
    4.甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 修回日期:2024-05-09 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-08-01
  • 通讯作者: 岳艳妮. E-mail: 18893310959@163.com
  • 作者简介:高鹏程(1995-),男,硕士,助教,研究方向为土地利用覆被变化、预测及对环境的影响. E-mail: amcheng_gpc@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41861061);国家自然科学基金项目(42101096)

Spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of land use and ecological risk in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

GAO Pengcheng1(), YUE Yanni1(), YAN Jixuan1, WANG Shijie2,3,4, BIE Qiang2,3,4   

  1. 1. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2. Faculty of Geomatics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    3. Nation-local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    4. Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Revised:2024-05-09 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-08-01

摘要:

本文以甘南藏族自治州为研究区域,基于1990—2020年每间隔10 a的土地利用数据,拟探明甘南藏族自治州土地覆盖时空演变规律,分析土地利用时空变化和驱动因素之间的驱动机理,利用IDRISI Selva软件,通过CA-Markov模型对甘南藏族自治州2030年土地利用情况进行模拟预测并探讨了土地利用变化导致的生态风险变化情况。结果表明:(1) 1990—2020年研究区土地利用结构发生了较大变化,草地和林地为优势土地利用类型,草地为主要转出土地利用类型。(2) 1990—2020年耕地和建设用地的土地利用动态度较高,土地利用变化贡献率较高的是耕地、林地及草地,林地变化强度最大。(3) 基于DEM、坡度、距道路距离、人口密度和经济密度因素对研究区土地利用变化驱动机理进行分析可见,人口和经济状况对土地利用结构影响较大。(4) 采用CA-Markov模型对研究区2020年和2030年土地利用结构进行模拟预测的Kappa指数为0.88,预测精度较高。(5) 研究区由土地利用变化导致生态风险较高的区域为夏河县和合作市北部、玛曲县东南部,其土地利用类型以未利用地、草地和林地为主。

关键词: 土地利用, CA-Markov模型, 时空演变, 生态风险, 甘南藏族自治州

Abstract:

This paper studies the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. Based on the land use data at 10-year intervals between 1990 and 2020, it intends to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of land cover in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, analyze the driving mechanism between spatiotemporal changes in land use and the driving factors, predict the land use in 2030 based on simulations, and discusses the changes in ecological risks due to land use changes by applying the IDRISI Selva software with the CA-Markov model. The results showed that (1) from 1990 to 2020, the land use structure of the study area changed considerably, with grassland and forest land becoming the primary land use types and grassland becoming the main diversion land use type. (2) from 1990 to 2020, the land use motivation of cropland and construction land was higher, and the maximal contribution to the land use change was made by cropland, woodland, and grassland, with the greatest intensity being woodland. (3) based on DEM, slope, distance from the road, population density, and economic density, the driving mechanism of land use change in the study area was analyzed; population and economic status have a marked impact on land use structure. (4) the Kappa index of the simulated-prediction of the land use structure of the study area in 2020 and 2030 using the CA-Markov model was 0.88, with a high prediction accuracy. (5) the regions in the study area with high ecological risks caused by land use changes were Xiahe County and the northern part of Hezuo City, and the southeastern part of Maqu County, where the land use types are dominated by unutilized land, grassland and forest land.

Key words: land use, CA-Markov model, space-time evolution, ecological risks, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture