基于遥感影像的新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲土壤水盐与植被覆盖度的关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.07.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于土壤样本实测数据及遥感影像数据，以典型干旱区新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区，采用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度（Fractional vegetation cover，FVC），利用反距离权重插值及相关、中介效应等统计学分析方法，研究0~50 cm不同深度土壤水盐含量与FVC的关系，可为干旱区优化资源配置和制定生态恢复措施提供理论依据。结果表明：（1） FVC在空间上呈现由西向东逐渐减少的趋势，且随着土壤含水量的减少和含盐量的增加而减少。（2）各土层含水量均呈自上而下逐渐增加的趋势，各土层含盐量均呈自上而下逐渐减少的趋势，且不同深度水盐含量呈中等及以上变异性。（3）仅10~20 cm土壤含水量、FVC和0~10 cm土壤含水量间有中介效应的存在。深层10~20 cm、10~30 cm和30~50 cm土壤含盐量、FVC和0~10 cm表层土壤含盐量间有中介效应，即深层土壤含盐量通过影响表层土壤含盐量而对FVC产生影响。（4） 0~10 cm表层土壤含盐量对FVC的影响最大，47.90%以上的FVC空间变异会受到该层土壤含盐量的影响，且不同深度土壤含盐量对FVC的影响效果均大于土壤含水量的影响效果。

关键词: 渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲, 土壤含水量, 土壤含盐量, 植被覆盖度, 相关分析

Abstract:

Based on the soil samples and remote sensing image data, this paper takes the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis, a typical arid region in Xinjiang, as the study area. FVC was calculated utilizing the pixel dichotomous model. Inverse distance weight interpolation and statistical analysis methods such as correlation and mediating effect analyses were used to study the impact of soil water content and salinity at depths of 0-50 cm on the spatial changes of FVC. This paper can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing resource allocation and formulating ecological restoration measures in arid areas. The results were: (1) FVC showed a west-east decreasing trend in space, directly proportional to the water content and inversely with the salinity. (2) The water content of each soil layer gradually enhanced from top to bottom, and the salinity revealed an inverse trend, with≥moderate variability in water content and salinity at different depths. (3) The soil water content at the 10-20 cm layer alone exhibited a mediating effect between FVC and the water content of the 0-10 cm surface layer. The salinity in the deeper layers of 10-20, 10-30, and 30-50 cm exhibits a mediating effect between FVC and salinity in the 0-10 cm layer. In other words, the salinity in deeper soil layers influenced FVC by affecting the salinity of the surface soil. (4) The salinity in the 0-10 cm layer most significantly impacted the FVC, influencing>47.90% of the spatial variability of FVC. Additionally, the impact of salinity at various soil depths on FVC surpasses that of water content.

Key words: Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis, soil water content, soil salinity, fractional vegetation cover, correlation analysis

郑柳娜, 江红南, 孙梦婷. 基于遥感影像的新疆渭干河—库车河三角洲土壤水盐与植被覆盖度的关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(7): 1131-1139.

ZHENG Liuna, JIANG Hongnan, SUN Mengting. Correlations between soil water content, salinity, and fractional vegetation cover in the Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis of Xinjiang ascertained based on remote sensing images[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(7): 1131-1139.

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年份	不同土层	土壤含水量/%				变异系数/%	土壤含盐量/（g·kg^-1）				变异系数/%
年份	不同土层	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数/%
2011年	0~10 cm	0.05	37.62	7.26	8.01	110.33	0.10	224.4	51.65	54.45	105.42
	10~30 cm	1.02	47.90	15.68	8.65	55.17	0.10	27.90	5.90	5.26	89.15
	30~50 cm	1.55	30.08	16.05	7.75	48.29	0.10	25.70	4.31	4.36	101.16
2021年	0~10 cm	0.61	23.99	10.73	6.51	60.68	0.10	69.70	21.56	21.25	98.55
2021年	10~20 cm	6.23	30.15	16.70	5.84	35.00	0.10	23.40	5.86	5.02	85.67

变量	2011年FVC	2021年FVC
0~10 cm土壤含水量	0.394^**	0.488^**
0~10 cm土壤含盐量	-0.587^**	-0.584^**

年份	影响因素	对数		二次多项式回归模型		三次多项式回归模型
年份	影响因素	R²	P值	R²	P值	R²	P值
2011年	0~10 cm土壤含水量	0.074	0.055	0.180	0.009^**	0.254	0.003^**
2011年	0~10 cm土壤含盐量	0.543	0.000^**	0.457	0.000^**	0.519	0.000^**
2021年	0~10 cm土壤含水量	0.160	0.000^**	0.255	0.000^**	0.255	0.000^**
2021年	0~10 cm土壤含盐量	0.479	0.000^**	0.401	0.000^**	0.439	0.000^**

2011年			2021年
控制变量	实验变量	偏相关系数	控制变量	实验变量	偏相关系数
0~10 cm土壤含水量	r_{10~30 cm土壤含水量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含水量}	-0.025	0~10 cm土壤含水量	r_{10~20 cm土壤含水量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含水量}	0.119
0~10 cm土壤含水量	r_{30~50 cm土壤含水量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含水量}	-0.210	0~10 cm土壤含盐量	r_{10~20 cm土壤含盐量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含盐量}	-0.282^*
0~10 cm土壤含盐量	r_{10~30 cm土壤含盐量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含盐量}	-0.288^*
0~10 cm土壤含盐量	r_{30~50 cm土壤含盐量、FVC 0~10 cm土壤含盐量}	-0.205

2011年				2021年
检验步骤	标准化方程	自变量	P值	检验步骤	标准化方程	自变量	P值
第一步	FVC=0.135W₃₀	W₃₀	0.349	第一步	FVC=0.403W₂₀	W₂₀	0.000^**
第二步	W₁₀=0.397W₃₀	W₃₀	0.004^**	第二步	W₁₀=0.665W₂₀	W₂₀	0.000^**
第三步	FVC=-0.025W₃₀+0.405W₁₀	W₃₀	0.863	第三步	FVC=0.140W₂₀+0.396W₁₀	W₂₀	0.301
第三步		W₁₀	0.008^**			W₁₀	0.004^**
第一步	FVC=0.019W₅₀	W₅₀	0.896	第一步	FVC=-0.561S₂₀	S₂₀	0.000^**
第二步	W₁₀=0.478W₅₀	W₅₀	0.00^**	第二步	S₁₀=0.671S₂₀	S₂₀	0.000^**
第三步	FVC=-0.220W₅₀+0.499W₁₀	W₅₀	0.148	第三步	FVC=-0.308S₂₀-0.377S₁₀	S₂₀	0.014^*
第三步		W₁₀	0.002^**			S₁₀	0.003^**
第一步	FVC=-0.571S₃₀	S₃₀	0.000^**
第二步	S₁₀=0.682S₃₀	S₃₀	0.000^**
第三步	FVC=-0.319S₃₀-0.370S₁₀	S₃₀	0.045^*
第三步		S₁₀	0.021^*
第一步	FVC=-0.501S₅₀	S₅₀	0.000^**
第二步	S₁₀=0.624S₅₀	S₅₀	0.000^**
第三步	FVC=-0.210S₅₀-0.468S₁₀	S₅₀	0.163
		S₁₀	0.003^**