柴达木盆地盐渍化土壤养分和酶活性特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探讨柴达木盆地不同程度盐渍化土壤养分和酶活性特征，沿察尔汗盐湖至昆仑山方向依次选择5个样点，分析土壤养分和酶活性特征及其二者的相关性。结果表明：除土壤全钾外，土壤盐渍化程度、土壤深度及其两者交互作用对土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响均达到显著水平（P<0.05）。在盐渍化程度较低的土壤，养分有效性（速效钾除外）和酶活性较高，且随土壤深度的增加而降低。以有机碳和蔗糖酶为例，在盐渍化程度最低的S5样地中含量为13.83 g·kg^-1和21.01 mg·g^-1·d^-1（0~5 cm）、12.85 g·kg^-1和19.29 mg·g^-1·d^-1（5~10 cm）、9.83 g·kg^-1 和 12.19 mg·g^-1·d^-1（10~20 cm），显著高于盐渍化程度最高S1中的8.56 g·kg^-1 和1.41 mg·g^-1·d^-1（0~5 cm）、8.40 g·kg^-1 和1.30 mg·g^-1·d^-1（5~10 cm）、8.33 g·kg^-1 和1.26 mg·g^-1·d^-1（10~20 cm）。相关性分析表明，在盐渍化程度较低样地，土壤酶活性与大多数土壤养分之间呈显著或极显著正相关性（P<0.05）。因此，柴达木盆地不同盐渍化程度土壤养分和酶活性特征存在明显差异，土壤盐渍化会降低土壤养分的有效性，抑制土壤酶的活性，降低土壤中有机物质的分解速率。

关键词: 盐渍化, 土壤酶活性, 土壤养分, 相关分析, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

To explore the characteristics of nutrient and enzyme activity in salt-affected soils of different degrees in the Qaidam Basin, five sampling points along the direction from Chahan Salt Lake to Kunlun Mountains were selected. The soil nutrient and enzyme activity characteristics and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that soil salinization degree, soil depth, and their interactions significantly affected soil nutrient content and enzyme activity (P<0.05), except for soil total potassium. In soils with lower salinity, nutrient availability (except for available potassium) and enzyme activity were higher and decreased with increasing soil depth. Taking organic carbon and invertase as examples, the contents in the S5 sampling site with the lowest salinity degree were 13.83 g·kg^-1 and 21.01 mg·g^-1·d^-1(0-5 cm), 12.85 g·kg^-1 and 19.29 mg·g^-1·d^-1(5-10 cm), and 9.83 g·kg^-1 and 12.19 mg·g^-1·d^-1(10-20 cm), significantly higher than those in the S1 site with the highest salinity degree, which had 8.56 g·kg^-1 and 1.41 mg·g^-1·d^-1(0-5 cm), 8.40 g·kg^-1 and 1.30 mg·g^-1·d^-1(5-10 cm), and 8.33 g·kg^-1 and 1.26 mg·g^-1·d^-1(10-20 cm). The correlation analysis showed that in lower salinity areas, soil enzyme activity had a significant or extremely significant positive correlation with most soil nutrients (P<0.05). Therefore, differences were observed in the characteristics of soil nutrients and enzyme activity in salt-affected soils of different degrees in the Qaidam Basin. Soil salinization reduces the effectiveness of soil nutrients, inhibits soil enzyme activity, and reduces the decomposition rate of soil organic matter.

Key words: salinization, soil enzymes activity, soil nutrient, correlation analysis, Qaidam Basin

回嵘, 谭会娟, 黄磊, 李新荣. 柴达木盆地盐渍化土壤养分和酶活性特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1776-1784.

HUI Rong, TAN Huijuan, HUANG Lei, LI Xinrong. Characteristics of nutrient and enzyme activity in salt-affected soils of the Qaidam Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1776-1784.

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样点	经纬度	海拔/m	盐壳厚度/cm	电导率/（dS·m^-1）	pH	植被盖度/%
S1	36°41′02″ N，95°04′40″ E	2719	30±4	23.9±1.2	8.73±0.038	0±0
S2	36°39′04″ N，95°03′27″ E	2720	25±2	23.4±1.0	8.71±0.035	20±3
S3	36°31′41″ N，94°58′12″ E	2750	3±1	17.7±4.0	8.45±0.026	45±5
S4	35°51′41″ N，94°21′06″ E	3811	0±0	6.5±0.2	8.54±0.048	30±5
S5	35°44′19″ N，94°15′45″ E	4123	0±0	6.2±0.4	8.58±0.061	20±4

土壤养分含量	土壤盐渍化程度（S）		土壤深度（D）		S×D
土壤养分含量	F	P	F	P	F	P
SOC	69.000	<0.001	30.998	<0.001	5.894	<0.001
TN	124.843	<0.001	8.767	<0.01	3.543	<0.01
TP	63.649	<0.001	90.459	<0.001	6.958	<0.001
TK	138.802	<0.001	6.277	<0.01	0.095	>0.05
AP	409.084	<0.001	1086.806	<0.001	214.806	<0.001
AK	705.333	<0.001	335.737	<0.001	42.084	<0.001

土壤酶活性	土壤盐渍化程度（S）		土壤深度（D）		S×D
土壤酶活性	F	P	F	P	F	P
CAT	996.079	<0.001	32.293	<0.001	5.067	<0.001
URE	108.454	<0.001	29.023	<0.001	5.509	<0.001
SUC	717.031	<0.001	40.592	<0.001	19.330	<0.001
DHA	87.365	<0.001	77.159	<0.001	2.836	<0.05

样点	酶活性	土壤养分含量
样点	酶活性	SOC	TN	TP	TK	AP	AK
S1	CAT	0.234	0.354	0.305	0.501	0.561	0.788^*
	URE	0.476	0.707^*	0.045	0.855*	0.410	0.160
	SUC	0.475	0.174	0.555	0.222	0.032	0.443
	DHA	0.039	-0.060	0.508	0.417	0.608	0.885^**
S2	CAT	0.205	-0.225	0.418	0.553	0.899^**	0.702^*
	URE	0.086	-0.131	0.029	0.234	0.464	0.368
	SUC	-0.025	0.025	0.228	0.131	0.335	0.314
	DHA	0.361	-0.106	0.658	0.525	0.901^**	0.884^**
S3	CAT	0.586	0.681^*	0.860^**	0.699^*	0.965^**	0.970^**
	URE	0.630	0.823^**	0.909^**	0.513	0.794^*	0.868^**
	SUC	0.739^*	0.716^*	0.876^**	0.549	0.807^**	0.908^**
	DHA	0.702^*	0.660	0.776^*	0.724^*	0.804^**	0.910^**
S4	CAT	0.560	0.730^*	0.772^*	0.695^*	0.842^**	0.803^**
	URE	0.835^**	0.766^*	0.896^**	0.780^*	0.879^**	0.879^**
	SUC	0.746^*	0.690^*	0.962^**	0.648	0.975^**	0.926^**
	DHA	0.880^**	0.616	0.903^**	0.617	0.891^**	0.939^**
S5	CAT	0.902^**	0.624	0.556	0.656	0.627	0.767^*
	URE	0.954^**	0.837^**	0.764^*	0.582	0.733^*	0.858^**
	SUC	0.933^**	0.710^*	0.651	0.758^*	0.623	0.756^*
	DHA	0.740^*	0.797^*	0.760^*	0.612	0.831^**	0.836^**