河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 432-443.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.08 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.03.08

河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征

安宁¹^,²(), 郭彬³, 张东梅¹, 杨淇越¹, 罗维成¹()

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院，中国科学院临泽内陆河流域研究站，中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.甘肃农业大学，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2023-11-27 修回日期:2024-01-01 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-01
通讯作者: 罗维成. E-mail: luoweicheng@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:安宁（1999-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区生态及土壤学研究. E-mail: Anning@nieer.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177457);国家自然科学基金项目(52172300);中国科学院“西部之光”项目;甘肃省青年科技基金(22JR5RA085);国家科技基础资源调查专项(2017FY100200)

Desert vegetation composition and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the middle section of Hexi Corridor

AN Ning¹^,²(), GUO Bin³, ZHANG Dongmei¹, YANG Qiyue¹, LUO Weicheng¹()

1. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2023-11-27 Revised:2024-01-01 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2024-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

荒漠植被是河西走廊绿洲生态安全防护的重要屏障，研究荒漠植被组成及土壤养分分布特征对于荒漠—绿洲过渡带荒漠植被建设及管理有重要意义。本研究基于大量野外调查，并使用传统统计学与地统计学方法，研究了河西走廊中段及巴丹吉林沙漠南缘荒漠植被组成及土壤养分特征，并解析了其与环境因子的相关关系。结果表明：河西走廊中段及巴丹吉林沙漠西南缘荒漠区植物组成单一，多样性较低，且植物种类集中在少数科中，出现频度高的植物均为红砂（Reaumuria songarica）和白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）等典型荒漠植物。草本植物分布与年均降水量有较强相关性，研究区最南端的山丹县草本生物量达到108.01 g·m^-2，在一定年降水量区间，灌木生物量随降水增加而增加，最高值出现在靠近祁连山北坡的肃州区，为134.03 g·m^-2；降水量的增加，会显著促进草本植物的生长。研究区表层土壤有机碳、总氮、总磷含量最高，其平均值分别为2.12 g·kg^-1、0.25 g·kg^-1、0.41 g·kg^-1，且离散程度较底层土壤更高；水平方向上三种土壤养分变异程度高，空间自相关性弱，最高值出现在张掖绿洲附近，分别达到11.22 g·kg^-1、1.30 g·kg^-1、0.73 g·kg^-1。主成分分析显示，造成研究区生境差异的首要因素是土壤属性，其次是降水，但不同环境因子之间也会互相影响，共同驱动了荒漠植被组成及分布。

关键词: 河西走廊中段, 物种组成, 土壤养分, 环境因子, 巴丹吉林沙漠南缘

Abstract:

Desert vegetation is an important ecological protection barrier for oasis ecosystems in the Hexi Corridor. Studying the composition of desert vegetation and the spatial distribution of soil nutrients is important to the construction and management of desert-oasis transition zone vegetation. This study is based on several field surveys. Traditional statistical and geostatistical methods were used to investigate the composition of desert vegetation and soil nutrient characteristics in the middle section of the Hexi Corridor and the southern fringe of the Badain Jaran Desert, and their correlation with environmental factors were analyzed. Results indicated that the plant composition in the desert areas of the middle section of the Hexi Corridor and the southwestern fringe of the Badain Jaran Desert was single and had low diversity, with plant species concentrated in a few families. Typical desert plants such as Reaumuria songarica and Nitraria tangutorum were frequently found in the study area. The distribution of herbaceous plants was strongly correlated with the average annual precipitation. In Shandan County, which is located in the southern part of the study area, the biomass of herbaceous plants reached 108.01 g·m^-2. Within a certain range of annual precipitation, the biomass of shrubs increased with the increase of precipitation, with the highest value occurring in Suzhou County, near the northern slope of the Qilian Mountains, at 134.03 g·m^-2. Increasing precipitation significantly promoted the growth of herbaceous plants. The surface soil had the highest organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus contents in the study area, with average values of 2.12, 0.25, and 0.41 g·kg^-1, respectively, and higher levels of variability than those in the soil subsurface. In the horizontal direction, the three types of soil nutrients had high variability and weak spatial autocorrelation, with maximum values of 11.22, 1.30, and 0.73 g·kg^-1 near Zhangye Oasis. Principal component analysis showed that soil properties and precipitation were the primary factors causing habitat differences in the study area. However, different environmental factors interacted with one another to jointly drive desert vegetation composition and distribution.

Key words: middle section of Hexi Corridor, species composition, soil nutrients, environmental factors, southern fringe of Badain Jaran Desert

安宁, 郭彬, 张东梅, 杨淇越, 罗维成. 河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 432-443.

AN Ning, GUO Bin, ZHANG Dongmei, YANG Qiyue, LUO Weicheng. Desert vegetation composition and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the middle section of Hexi Corridor[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(3): 432-443.

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生活型	物种名称	平均株高/cm	相对频度/%	重要值/%
灌木	蒙古扁桃（Prunus mongolica）	176.67	0.38	11.65
	红砂（Reaumuria songarica）	22.45	27.74	10.40
	柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）	107.54	0.64	7.17
	白刺（Nitraria tangutorum）	38.14	14.89	7.08
	珍珠猪毛菜（Caroxylon passerinum）	18.74	2.54	5.25
	梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）	112.78	2.04	5.02
	盐爪爪（Kalidium foliatum）	18.56	10.56	4.72
	泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）	33.76	8.65	4.59
	沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）	59.89	5.22	4.29
草本	芨芨草（Neotrinia splendens）	108.89	0.92	10.52
	沙葱（Allium mongolicum）	12.09	12.80	5.11
	猪毛菜（Salsola collina）	15.16	10.15	5.11
	白茎盐生草（Halogeton arachnoideus）	15.16	9.57	4.76
	针茅（Stipa capillata）	21.06	6.81	4.68
	沙鞭（Psammochloa villosa）	45.32	4.50	4.38

	土层深度/cm	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	变异系数	偏度	峰度
SOC/（g·kg^-1）	0~20	0.51	6.39	2.12	1.46	0.686	1.363	3.725
	20~60	0.52	6.96	2.05	1.40	0.680	1.570	4.856
	60~100	0.48	5.89	1.71	0.74	0.638	1.854	6.388
TN/（g·kg^-1）	0~20	0.05	0.83	0.25	0.20	0.790	1.427	4.046
	20~60	0.04	0.93	0.23	0.18	0.801	1.588	5.237
	60~100	0.04	0.69	0.19	0.15	0.778	1.834	5.832
TP/（g·kg^-1）	0~20	0.24	0.70	0.41	0.11	0.254	0.778	3.242
	20~60	0.18	0.73	0.38	0.12	0.317	0.893	3.757
	60~100	0.15	0.87	0.38	0.13	0.333	0.987	4.806

土壤养分	土壤深度/cm	块金值（C₀）	基台值（C+C₀）	块金值/基台值（C₀/C+C₀）	变程（a）/（°）
SOC	0~20	0.312	0.396	0.788	8.148
	20~60	0.333	0.358	0.931	5.418
	60~100	0.177	0.283	0.624	1.129
TN	0~20	0.040	0.050	0.788	1.013
	20~60	0.065	0.082	0.793	1.013
	60~100	0.082	0.091	0.900	1.066
TP	0~20	0.209	0.279	0.748	8.148
	20~60	0.222	0.236	0.944	4.038
	60~100	0.145	0.225	0.643	1.315

	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
方差	2.69	1.65	1.23	1.10	0.84
解释方差百分比/%	48.20	18.10	10.10	8.04	4.69
累计解释方差百分比/%	48.20	66.30	76.40	84.44	89.13

年均降水/mm	灌木生物量/（g·m^-2）	草本生物量/（g·m^-2）
0~50	41.27±12.43^a	9.28±4.18^b
50~100	42.00±9.52^a	9.82±4.36^b
100~150	34.70±3.26^a	13.31±2.16^b
>150	23.86±6.96^a	27.41±11.01^a

河西走廊中段荒漠植被组成及土壤养分空间分布特征

Desert vegetation composition and spatial distribution of soil nutrients in the middle section of Hexi Corridor

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生境	灌木		草本
生境	戈壁	荒漠	戈壁	荒漠
荒漠—绿洲过渡带	0.417	0.565	0.222	0.459
荒漠	0.333		0.355

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