1960—2011年新疆初终霜日及无霜期的变化特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1960—2011年新疆51个地面气象站逐日最低气温观测资料,运用线性趋势、距平分析、5 a滑动平均等方法,分析了初、终霜日和无霜期的基本特征及其变化趋势。结果表明:新疆初霜日推迟11 d,终霜日提前7 d,无霜期延长17 d。北疆、南疆和天山初、终霜日及无霜期与新疆整体变化趋势一致,但变化程度不同。天山地区变化最显著,其次是北疆,最后是南疆。初、终霜日的出现和无霜期的长短与地理因素和温度密切相关,随着海拔的升高,纬度的增加,初霜日提前,终霜日推迟,无霜期缩短。而随着温度的升高,初霜日逐渐推迟,终霜日逐渐提前,无霜期延长;从影响程度而言,最低气温的影响要大于平均气温和最高气温的影响。

关键词: 初霜日, 终霜日, 无霜期, 地理因素, 气候变暖, 新疆

Abstract: In this paper, the first frost date, last frost date and duration of frost-free season as well as their change trends were analyzed using the linear trend estimation, anomaly analysis and five-year moving average based on the daily minimum temperature data observed by 51 meteorological stations in Xinjiang during the period from 1960 to 2011. The results showed that the average first frost date was postponed by 11 days, the average last frost date was moved up by 7 days, and the duration of frost-free season was extended by 17 days. The first frost dates, last frost dates and durations of frost-free season in north Xinjiang, south Xinjiang and the Tianshan Mountains were consistent with those in whole Xinjiang, but the change extent was not different. Their variation was the most significant in the Tianshan Mountains, and then in north Xinjiang and south Xinjiang. The first frost date, last frost date and duration of frost-free season were closely related to the geographical and temperature factors. The first frost date occurred earlier, the last frost date later, and the duration of frost-free season became shorter along with the increase of latitude and altitude. Along with the temperature increasing, however, the first frost date became later, the last frost date earlier, and the duration of frost-free season longer. The effect of minimum temperature was higher than that of average temperature and maximum temperature.

Key words: first frost date, last frost date, frost-free season, geographical factor, climate warming, Xinjiang

潘淑坤, 张明军, 汪宝龙, 马雪宁. 1960—2011年新疆初终霜日及无霜期的变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(4): 735-742.

PAN Shu-kun, ZHANG Ming-jun, WANG Bao-long, MA Xue-ning. Changes of the First Frost Dates, Last Frost Dates and Duration of Frost-free Season in Xinjiang during the Period of 1960-2011[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(4): 735-742.

参考文献

[1] 许艳,王国复,王盘兴.近50 a中国霜期的变化特征分析[J]. 气象科学,2009,29(4):427-433.
[Xu Yan,Wang Guofu,Wang Panxing.Climatic change of frost in China in the last 50 years[J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica,2009,29(4):427-433.]
[2] IPCC.Summary for Policymakers of Climate 2007:The Physical Science Basis.Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R]. Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[3] 蒲云锦,韩春光.石河子地区霜冻变化及其对农业的影响[J]. 沙漠与绿洲气象,2010,4(6):50-53.
[Pu Yunjin,Han Chunguang.Variation of frost in Shihezi and its influences for agriculture[J]. Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2010,4(6):50-53.]
[4] 钱锦霞,张霞,张建新,等.近40年山西省初终霜日的变化特征[J]. 地理学报,2010,65(7):801-808.
[Qian Jinxia,Zhang Xia,Zhang Jianxin,et al.The changing trends of the first and last frost dates over Shanxi Province for the past 40 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2010,65(7):801-808.]
[5] 蔡福,明惠青,纪瑞鹏,等.辽宁地区近50年无霜期时空演变特征[J]. 中国农业气象,2010,31(2):188-193.
[Cai Fu,Ming Huiqing,Ji Ruipeng,et al.Spatio-temporal evolvement of frostless period in Liaoning Province in recent 50 years[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2010,31(2):188-193.]
[6] 李辑,严晓瑜,王颖.辽宁省近50年霜的气候变化特征[J]. 气象,2011,36(11):38-45.
[Li Ji,Yan Xiaoyu,Wang Ying.Variations of frost under the background of climate change in Liaoning Province in recent 50 years[J]. Meteorological Monthly,2011,36(11):38-45.]
[7] 范晓辉,王麒翔,王孟本.山西省近50年无霜期变化特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报,2010,19(10):2 393-2 397.
[Fan Xiaohun,Wang Qixiang,Wang Mengben.Variations in frost-free period in Shanxi Province,China:1959-2008[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2010,19(10):2 393-2 397.]
[8] Meehl G A,Tebaldi C,Nychka D.Changes in frost days in simulations of twenty first century climate[J]. Climate Dynamics,2004,23:495-511.
[9] Easterling D R.Recent changes in frost days and the frost-free season in the United States[J]. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2002,83(9):1 327-1 332.
[10] 王建勋,朱晓玲.近40 a新疆阿拉尔垦区初终霜日及无霜期的变化特征[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(9):183-186.
[Wang Jianxun,Zhu Xiaoling.Characteristics of the first and last frost dates and frost-free periods from 1961 to 2000 in Alar irrigated area of Xinjiang Province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(9):183-186.]
[11] 李珍,姜逢清.1961-2004年新疆气候突变分析[J]. 冰川冻土,2007,29(3):351-359.
[Li Zhen,Jiang Fengqing.A study of abruptclimate change in Xinjiang region during 1961-2004[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(3):351-359.]
[12] 胡汝骥,姜逢清,王亚俊,等.新疆气候由暖干向暖湿转变的信号及其影响[J]. 干旱区地理,2002,25(3):194-200.
[Hu Ruji,Jiang Fengqing,Wang Yajun,et al.A study on signals and effects of climatic pallern change from warm-dry to warm-wet in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography,2002,25(3):194-200.]
[13] 刘波,冯锦明,马柱国,等.1960-2005年新疆气候变化的基本特征[J]. 气候与环境研究,2009,14(4):414-426.
[Liu Bo,Feng Jinming,Ma Zhuguo,et al.Characteristics of climate changes in Xinjiang from 1960 to 2005[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research,2009,14(4):414-426.]
[14] 左敏,陈洪武,江远安,等.新疆近50 a气温变化趋势和演变特征[J]. 干旱气象,2010,28(2):160-166.
[Zuo Min,Chen Hongwu,Jiang Yuan’an,et al.Trend and evolvement characteristics of temperature in recent 48 years in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Meteorology,2010,28(2):160-166.]
[15] 袁薇,邹立尧,孙建奇.1961-2005年新疆地区夏季气温的时空变化特征及其与大气环流的关系[J]. 冰川冻土,2009,31(5):801-807.
[Yuan Wei,Zou Liyao,Sun Jianqi.Temporal and spatial variations of the summer air temperature in Xinjiang region and their relationships with atmospheric circulation in 1961-2005[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(5):801-807.]
[16] 古丽扎提·哈布肯,赵景波.近50年来新疆阿勒泰地区的气候变化[J]. 干旱区研究,2011,28(2):268-274.
[Gulzat Habiken,Zhao Jingbo.Analysis on climate change in recent 50 years in Altay prefecture,Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research,2011,28(2):268-274.]
[17] 普宗朝,张山清,李景林,等.近48年新疆乌-昌地区气候变化[J]. 干旱区研究,2010,27(5):422-432.
[Pu Zongchao,Zhang Shanqing,Li Jinglin,et al.Climate change in the Urumqi-Changji region of Xinjiang in resent 48 years[J]. Arid Zone Research,2010,27(5):422-432.]
[18] 刘卫平,魏文寿,杨青,等.新疆阿克苏河流域近40年来气温和降水变化[J]. 干旱区研究,2007,24(3):339-343.
[Liu Weiping,Wei Wenshou,Yang Qing,et al.Study on climate change in the Aksu River Basin since recent 40 years[J]. Arid Zone Research,2007,24(3):339-343.]
[19] 韩添丁,叶柏生,丁永建,等.乌鲁木齐河流域径流增加的事实分析[J]. 冰川冻土,2005,25(5):655-659.
[Han Tianding,Ye Baisheng,Ding Yongjian,et al.Increasing runoff in the Urumqi River Basin since 1980s[J]. Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,25(5):655-659.]
[20] 苏宏超,魏文寿,韩萍.新疆近50年来气温和蒸发变化[J]. 冰川冻土,2003,25(2):174-178.
[Su Hongchao,Wei Wenshou,Han Ping.Changes in air temperature and evaporation in Xinjiang during recent 50 years[J]. Glaciology and Geocryology,2003,25(2):174-178.]
[21] 王国复,许艳,朱燕君,等.近50年我国霜期的时空分布及变化趋势分析[J]. 气象,2009,35(7):61-67.
[Wang Guofu,Xu Yan,Zhu Yanjun,et al.The spatial and temporal characteristics and trend of frost days over China for the past 50 years[J]. Meteorolgical Monthly,2009,35(7):61-67.]
[22] 白松竹,李焕,田忠锋.1961-2008年阿勒泰地区异常初终霜日变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报,2010,26(5):25-29.
[Bai Songzhu,Li Huan,Tian Zhongfeng.Characteristics of anomalous first/last frost day in Aletai region from 1961 to 2008[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2010,26(5):25-29.]