干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 360-368.

• 其他 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆北部膜下滴灌棉田的蒸散特征

刘净贤1, 周石硚1, 晋绿生2, 王进2,  杨景辉2   

    1.  中国科学院 青藏高原研究所, 北京 100085;
    2. 石河子气象局 乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站, 新疆 石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2011-01-26 修回日期:2011-06-21 出版日期:2012-03-15 发布日期:2012-04-10
  • 作者简介:刘净贤(1985-), 女, 河北秦皇岛人,硕士,主要从事地表气水过程研究. E-mail:zhoushq@itpcas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421307和2009CB825101)

Evapotranspiration of a Filmmulched Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation in North Xinjiang

 LIU  Jing-Xian1, ZHOU  Shi-Qiao1, JIN  Lu-Sheng2, WANG  Jin,2   Yang-Jing-Hui2   

    1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
    2. Ulanusu Agrometeorological Experiment Station, Shihezi Meteorological Bureau, Xinjiang 832003, China
  • Received:2011-01-26 Revised:2011-06-21 Online:2012-03-15 Published:2012-04-10

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被引次数

30

摘要： 利用乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站2009年6月至2010年6月的涡度相关资料，分析新疆北部膜下滴灌棉田不同生育期的蒸散变化特征及蒸散量。结果表明：各生育期蒸散量与净辐射的日变化表现出很高的一致性，午间蒸散强度最大；播种-出苗期、苗期和吐絮期蒸散量主要受净辐射控制，蕾期与花铃期蒸散量主要受叶面积指数控制；在现行膜下滴灌灌溉制度下（年灌溉定额340~390 mm），除吐絮期外，其他生育期土壤含水量均可以满足棉田蒸散耗水；播种-出苗期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期平均日蒸散量分别为1.8 mm/d，1.7 mm/d，3.7 mm/d，3.8 mm/d和1.2 mm/d，全生育期蒸散量为514.3 mm。

关键词: 膜下滴灌, 棉花, 生育期, 蒸散发, 涡度, 净辐射, 新疆

Abstract: Evapotranspiration including evaporation and transpiration is a main expenditure of water budget at farmland, and it plays an important role in agricultural water management, especially in arid region. In Xinjiang, as a cotton growing area in arid region, water-saving irrigation of cotton is significant for agricultural production. Previous studies on evapotranspiration of cotton reported the total monthly or growth-stage values, however, the daily observations were unavailable. As a method with high time resolution, the eddy covariance has been widely used in measuring evapotranspiration. In this paper, the values of evapotranspiration in the whole cotton growing season were calculated and analyzed based on the observations by eddy covariance at a cotton field under drip irrigation with plastic film in North Xinjiang during the period from June 2009 to June 2010. Under the clear and cloudless terms, daily variation of evapotranspiration was highly consistent with net radiation at each cotton growth stage. The evapotranspiration was affected by net radiation during the period from sowing to emergence and at seedling and boll opening stages, and also by leaf area index at squaring, flowering and boll formation stages. Under the present irrigation regime, soil moisture content could meet the water demand for evapotranspiration in the whole cotton growing season except at boll opening stage. Daily mean evapotranspiration was 1.8, 1.7, 3.7, 3.8 and 1.2 mm/d during the period from sowing to emergence and at seedling, squaring, flowering, boll formation and boll opening stages, respectively. The total evapotranspiration in the whole cotton growing season amounted to 514.3 mm.

Key words: plastic film, drip irrigation, cotton, growth stages, evapotranspiration, eddy covariance, net radiation