科尔沁沙地油松固沙林土壤真菌群落结构及功能

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.11

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 118-126.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.01.11 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250111

科尔沁沙地油松固沙林土壤真菌群落结构及功能

高海燕¹(), 张胜男¹(), 杨制国¹^,², 张雷¹^,², 黄海广¹^,², 闫德仁¹

1.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院，沙地生物资源保护与培育国家林业局重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
2.内蒙古多伦浑善达克沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站，内蒙古锡林郭勒盟 027300

收稿日期:2024-07-31 修回日期:2024-09-29 出版日期:2025-01-15 发布日期:2025-01-17
通讯作者: 张胜男. E-mails: zhangshengnan@163.com
作者简介:高海燕（1993-），女，主要从事荒漠化防治相关研究. E-mails: nmghy1993@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0005-4-2);内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0007)

Structure and function of soil fungal community in Pinus tabuliformis sand-fixing forests in Horqin Sandy Land

GAO Haiyan¹(), ZHANG Shengnan¹(), YANG Zhiguo¹^,², ZHANG Lei¹^,², HUANG Haiguang¹^,², YAN Deren¹

1. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Sandy Land Biological Resources Conservation and Cultivation, Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry, Hohhot 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Inner Mongolia Duolun Hunshandake Sandland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Xilin Gol League 027300, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-07-31 Revised:2024-09-29 Published:2025-01-15 Online:2025-01-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究不同林龄油松固沙林土壤真菌群落结构及功能与土壤化学性质、酶活性的关系，为油松固沙林合理经营和管护提供理论依据。以科尔沁沙地流动沙地为对照（0 a），选择固沙18 a、34 a、48 a、56 a油松林地为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术解析土壤真菌群落结构和功能类群差异。结果表明：（1）从油松固沙林土壤中获得2517个OTU，隶属于真菌的14个门、48个纲、127个目、286个科、579个属；优势菌门为子囊菌门（Ascomycota，47.91%~67.34%）、担子菌门（Basidiomycota，18.45%~43.70%）和被孢霉门（Mortierellomycota，1.41%~8.36%）；优势属为Biappendiculispora、硬皮马勃属Scleroderma、棉革菌属Tomentella、Knufia、糙缘腺革菌属Amphinema。（2）由韦恩图和NMDS分析表明，造林对土壤真菌群落结构影响较大，各林龄土壤真菌丰富度（ace指数、chao指数）显著增加（P<0.05），且与有机质、全氮、全磷、脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、中性蛋白酶呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。（3）真菌群落主要以共生营养型和腐生营养型为主，造林后共生营养型相对丰度均较对照增加，腐生营养型相对丰度较为稳定。造林对土壤真菌群落结构及功能发挥着重要的调节作用，研究结果丰富了固沙林土壤微生物群落研究内容，为科尔沁沙地油松固沙林土壤健康评价提供依据。

关键词: 科尔沁沙地, 油松, 土壤真菌, 群落结构, 生态功能, 林龄

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the soil fungal community structure and function and soil chemical properties and enzyme activity in Pinus tabuliformis sand-fixing forests of different ages, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational management and protection of P. tabuliformis sand-fixing forests. Taking the mobile sand of Horqin Sandy Land as the control (0 year), P. tabuliformis forests with sand fixation for 18, 34, 48 and 56 years were selected as the research objects, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community structure and functional groups. The results show: (1) The 2517 OTUs obtained from the soil of the P. tabuliformis sand-fixing forest belong to 14 phyla, 48 classes, 127 orders, 286 families, and 579 genera of fungi. The dominant phyla were Ascomycota (47.91%-67.34%), Basidiomycota (18.45%-43.70%), and Mortierellomycota (1.41%-8.36%); the dominant genera were Biappendiculispora, Scleroderma, Tomentella, Knufia, and Amphinema. (2) Venn diagram and NMDS analysis showed that afforestation has a greater impact on soil fungal community structure. The ace index and chao index of soil fungi at each stand age increased significantly (P<0.05), and were related to organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, urease, dehydrogenase, catalase, neutral phosphatase, sucrase and neutral protease have a significant positive correlation (P<0.05). (3) The fungal community was mainly composed of symbiotic and saprophytic types. After afforestation, the relative abundance of symbiotic types increased compared with the control, while the relative abundance of saprophytic types was relatively stable. Afforestation plays an important regulatory role on the structure and function of soil fungal communities. The research results enrich the research content of soil microbial communities in sand-fixing forests and provide a basis for soil health evaluation of P. tabuliformis sand-fixing forests in Horqin Sandy Land.

Key words: Horqin Sandy Land, Pinus tabuliformis, soil fungi, community structure, ecological function, stand age

高海燕, 张胜男, 杨制国, 张雷, 黄海广, 闫德仁. 科尔沁沙地油松固沙林土壤真菌群落结构及功能[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(1): 118-126.

GAO Haiyan, ZHANG Shengnan, YANG Zhiguo, ZHANG Lei, HUANG Haiguang, YAN Deren. Structure and function of soil fungal community in Pinus tabuliformis sand-fixing forests in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(1): 118-126.

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林龄	覆盖度/%	Shannon指数	Simpson指数	Pielou指数	chao指数	ace指数
0 a	99.95a	2.918a	0.147a	0.547a	247b	244b
18 a	99.87b	2.956a	0.149a	0.521a	372a	369a
34 a	99.87b	2.958a	0.127a	0.537a	360a	365a
43 a	99.87b	3.313a	0.090a	0.590a	386a	382a
56 a	99.85b	2.936a	0.211a	0.504a	436a	426a

指标	林龄
指标	0 a	18 a	34 a	43 a	56 a
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	2.75±1.07d	6.96±2.22c	10.78±2.94b	12.95±2.84a	11.95±3.27ab
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.23±0.06c	0.43±0.11b	0.56±0.19ab	0.62±0.16a	0.62±0.23a
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	0.08±0.02b	0.14±0.02a	0.16±0.05a	0.15±0.04a	0.16±0.03a
全钾/（g·kg^-1）	20.30±3.86a	22.13±1.97a	21.92±1.09a	20.98±1.68a	20.54±1.02a
速效氮/（mg·kg^-1）	9.50±2.00ab	6.28±2.91b	12.61±2.87a	12.19±1.96a	11.29±2.45ab
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	3.32±0.21b	6.05±0.55a	3.71±0.52b	3.19±1.00b	3.10±0.36b
速效钾/（mg·kg^-1）	60.78±3.81b	65.71±11.46b	83.07±6.81a	64.49±3.25b	85.40±10.16a
脲酶/（μg·g^-1·h^-1）	5.39±0.50d	7.82±0.33c	8.15±0.89bc	8.76±0.48b	9.72±0.46a
脱氢酶/（μg·g^-1·h^-1）	0.07±0.00c	0.25±0.09b	0.27±0.09b	0.33±0.05b	0.52±0.19a
过氧化氢酶/（mg·h^-1·g^-1）	0.40±0.04b	1.02±0.08a	0.98±0.14a	0.97±0.25a	0.99±0.18a
中性磷酸酶/（mg·h^-1·g^-1）	56.76±7.28b	111.92±44.63a	108.21±24.31a	111.76±14.17a	126.57±25.14a
蔗糖酶/（μg·h^-1·g^-1）	94.42±4.17b	180.67±37.13a	136.75±26.26ab	155.75±34.64ab	187.22±57.95a
中性蛋白酶/（μg·h^-1·g^-1）	0.19±0.05c	0.13±0.03c	0.13±0.03c	0.36±0.03b	0.91±0.05a

科尔沁沙地油松固沙林土壤真菌群落结构及功能

Structure and function of soil fungal community in Pinus tabuliformis sand-fixing forests in Horqin Sandy Land

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