晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.11

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 1141-1151.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.07.11

晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性

王思淇¹(),张建军^1,^2,^3,⁴(),张彦勤⁵,赵炯昌¹,胡亚伟¹,李阳¹,唐鹏¹,卫朝阳¹

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083
2.山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，山西吉县 042200
3.北京林业大学，水土保持国家林业局重点实验室，北京 100083
4.北京林业大学，教育部林业生态工程研究中心，北京 100083
5.山西吉县红旗国有林场，山西吉县 042200

收稿日期:2023-04-13 修回日期:2023-06-02 出版日期:2023-07-15 发布日期:2023-08-01
通讯作者: 张建军. E-mail:zhangjianjun@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:王思淇（1998-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事林业生态工程研究. E-mail: wangsiqi199804@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0104700)

Understory plant community diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different densities in the loess plateau of western Shanxi Province

WANG Siqi¹(),ZHANG Jianjun^1,^2,^3,⁴(),ZHANG Yanqin⁵,ZHAO Jiongchang¹,HU Yawei¹,LI Yang¹,TANG Peng¹,WEI Zhaoyang¹

1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Chinese National Ecosystem Research Network, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China
3. State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
4. Forestry Ecology Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
5. Jixian County Hongqi Forestry Farm in Shanxi Provience, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China

Received:2023-04-13 Revised:2023-06-02 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

林分密度对刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）林下植物群落结构及物种多样性具有重要影响，明确不同林分密度刺槐林下植物群落结构及物种多样性变化有助于黄土区植被恢复与森林生态功能的提升。以晋西黄土区刺槐人工林为研究对象，通过野外调查，探究6种林分密度（950株·hm^-2、1450株·hm^-2、1950株·hm^-2、2450株·hm^-2、2950株·hm^-2、3450株·hm^-2）条件下林下植物群落组成特征、生长特征及物种多样性。结果显示：（1）研究区林下植物共有39科65属77种，其中灌木16科29属36种，草本植物25科36属41种，灌木层物种数在林分密度为1950株·hm^-2时最多，草本层物种数在林分密度为2450株·hm^-2时最多。刺槐林下植物群落主要以蔷薇科（Rosaceae）、菊科（Compositae）、禾本科（Gramineae）、忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）的植物为主，随着林分密度增加，优势种由阳生、中生性物种向阴生性物种过渡。（2）刺槐林中灌木的高度、地上生物量随林分密度的增加而减小，草本植物地上生物量在各林分密度间无明显差异（P>0.05），灌草群落总盖度变化较小。（3）随着刺槐林分密度的增加，灌木层Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈先增后减的变化趋势，在林分密度为1950株·hm^-2时最大，Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数呈逐渐减小的变化趋势。草本层Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在林分密度为2450株·hm^-2时最大，Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数在林分密度为1950株·hm^-2时达到最大。（4）不同密度的刺槐林下植物群落物种组成相似度达中等相似以上。林分密度为1950~2450株·hm^-2时，刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性最佳，有利于其生态功能的提高与可持续发挥。

关键词: 林分密度, 刺槐人工林, 群落结构, 物种多样性, 晋西黄土区

Abstract:

Stand density has an important effect on understory plant community structure and species diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia plantations. Identifying changes of understory plant community structure and species diversity under different stand densities is helpful for vegetation restoration and improving forest ecological function in loess regions. Taking a R. pseudoacacia plantation in the Loess area of western Shanxi as the focus of study here, the understory community composition characteristics, growth characteristics, and species diversity associated with six stand densities (950, 1450, 1950, 2450, 2950 and 3450 trees·hm^-2) were analyzed through field investigation. The following results were obtained: (1) The study identified 77 species of understory plants in 65 genera in 39 families, including shrubs of 36 species from 29 genera in 16 families, and herbs of 41 species from 36 genera in 25 families. The number of species in the shrub layer peaked when the stand density was 1950 trees·hm^-2, and the number of species in the herb layer peaked when the stand density was 2450 trees·hm^-2. The understory community of R. pseudoacacia forest mainly consists of Rosaceae, Compositae, Gramineae, and Caprifoliaceae. With increasing stand density, the dominant species transition from heliotropic species and intermediate species to shade species. (2) The height and aboveground biomass of shrubs decreased with increasing stand density. The aboveground biomass of herb layer had no significant difference among stand densities (P>0.05), and the total coverage of shrub and grass community showed little change. (3) With increasing stand density, Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the shrub layer first increased and then decreased, and peaked when the stand density was 1950 trees·hm^-2, while the Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index showed gradually decreasing trends. The Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of the herb layer peaked when the stand density was 2450 trees·hm^-2, while the Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index peaked when the stand density was 1950 trees·hm^-2. (4) The similarity of species composition of understory communities in R. pseudoacacia forest of different densities was above the medium level. When the stand density was 1950-2450 trees·hm^-2, the understory community species diversity of R. pseudoacacia plantation was optimal, which was conducive to the improvement and sustainable development of its ecological function.

Key words: stand density, Robinia pseudoacacia plantations, community structure, species diversity, loess region of western Shanxi Province

王思淇, 张建军, 张彦勤, 赵炯昌, 胡亚伟, 李阳, 唐鹏, 卫朝阳. 晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(7): 1141-1151.

WANG Siqi, ZHANG Jianjun, ZHANG Yanqin, ZHAO Jiongchang, HU Yawei, LI Yang, TANG Peng, WEI Zhaoyang. Understory plant community diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different densities in the loess plateau of western Shanxi Province[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(7): 1141-1151.

图/表 7

图1

表1

图2

表2

不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种重要值"

层次	林分密度/（株·hm^-2）	主要物种及重要值/%
灌木层	950	茅莓（23.58）+黄刺玫（22.73）+栾树（20.44）+紫丁香（8.64）+白首乌（7.69） Rubus parvifolius（23.58）+Rosa xanthina（22.73）+Koelreuteria paniculata（20.44）+Syringa oblata（8.64）+Cynanchum bungei（7.69）
	1450	茅莓（37.79）+黄刺玫（19.81）+细裂槭（13.96）+土庄绣线菊（8.59）+杠柳（6.48） Rubus parvifolius（37.79）+Rosa xanthina（19.81）+Acer stenolobum（13.96）+Spiraea pubescens（8.59）+Periploca sepium（6.48）
	1950	茅莓（30.07）+黄刺玫（19.40）+杠柳（17.62）+紫丁香（14.50）+土庄绣线菊（11.76） Rubus parvifolius（30.07）+Rosa xanthina（19.40）+Periploca sepium（17.62）+Syringa oblata（14.50）+Spiraea pubescens（11.76）
	2450	茅莓（23.59）+黄刺玫（20.16）+土庄绣线菊（17.37）+杠柳（16.95）+海棠（9.82） Rubus parvifolius（23.59）+Rosa xanthina（20.16）+Spiraea pubescens（17.37）+Periploca sepium（16.95）+Malus spectabilis（9.82）
	2950	黄刺玫（21.27）+茅莓（20.15）+土庄绣线菊（18.66）+杠柳（12.97）+连翘（12.00） Rosa xanthina（21.27）+Rubus parvifolius（20.15）+Spiraea pubescens（18.66）+Periploca sepium（12.97）+Forsythia suspensa（12.00）
	3450	白刺花（51.35）+杠柳（16.08）+黄刺玫（12.47）+酸枣（10.30）+茅莓（9.66） Sophora davidii（51.35）+Periploca sepium（16.08）+Rosa xanthina（12.47）+Ziziphus jujuba（10.30）+Rubus parvifolius（9.66）
草本层	950	针叶薹草（24.64）+虉草（18.69）+芦苇（16.08）+铁杆蒿（12.41）+黑麦草（9.49） Carex onoei（24.64）+Phalaris arundinacea（18.69）+Phragmites australis（16.08）+Artemisia gmelinii（12.41）+Lolium perenne（9.49）
	1450	芦苇（31.63）+黑麦草（27.99）+青蒿（23.29）+马兜铃（15.57）+铁杆蒿（14.62） Phragmites australis（31.63）+Lolium perenne（27.99）+Artemisia carvifolia（23.29）+Aristolochia debilis（15.57）+Artemisia gmelinii（14.62）
	1950	铁杆蒿（37.15）+漏芦（20.09）+青蒿（18.96）+蒌蒿（10.41）+茜草（8.11） Artemisia gmelinii（37.15）+Rhaponticum uniflorum（20.09）+Artemisia carvifolia（18.96）+Artemisia selengensis（10.41）+Rubia cordifolia（8.11）
	2450	虉草（52.21）+铁杆蒿（15.59）+青蒿（10.24）+蒌蒿（9.08）+黑麦草（7.15） Phalaris arundinacea（52.21）+Artemisia gmelinii（15.59）+Artemisia carvifolia（10.24）+Artemisia selengensis（9.08）+Lolium perenne（7.15）
	2950	铁杆蒿（30.55）+沼生繁缕（17.47）+青杞（16.35）+虉草（12.89）+青蒿（10.76） Artemisia gmelinii（30.55）+Stellaria palustris（17.47）+Solanumse ptemlobum（16.35）+Phalaris arundinacea（12.89）+Artemisia carvifolia（10.76）
	3450	针叶薹草（21.53）+野菊（19.79）+虉草（17.21）+铁杆蒿（15.88）+葎草（11.10） Carex onoei（21.53）+Chrysanthemum indicum（19.79）+Phalaris arundinacea（17.21）+Artemisia gmelinii（15.88）+Humulus scandens（11.10）

表2

图3

图4

表3

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样地号	密度/（株·hm^-2）	海拔/m	坡度/（°）	坡向	平均树高/m	平均胸径/cm	密度类型
1	950	1109.36	23	阳坡	9.89±2.74c	13.88±4.32b	低密度
2	950	1110.55	27	阳坡	9.58±2.38c	10.35±3.75c	低密度
3	950	1120.01	23	阳坡	12.46±2.12a	15.38±4.65a	低密度
4	1450	1079.94	22	阳坡	10.53±3.22b	13.74±4.11b	低密度
5	1450	1145.28	25	阳坡	9.88±2.59cd	9.77±4.57cde	低密度
6	1450	1097.19	15	阳坡	9.59±2.67c	9.45±3.45cdef	低密度
7	1950	1112.79	26	半阳	5.40±2.18h	7.17±4.18gh	中密度
8	1950	1136.61	25	阳坡	11.73±2.90b	13.62±4.41b	中密度
9	1950	1172.14	26	半阳	8.18±2.56de	10.65±4.48c	中密度
10	2450	1082.51	27	阳坡	10.33±3.74c	10.03±4.55cde	中密度
11	2450	1076.93	18	阳坡	7.91±4.46de	8.31±5.43defgh	中密度
12	2450	1148.62	22	阳坡	7.10±2.85ef	8.98±5.12cdefg	中密度
13	2950	1133.16	31	阳坡	5.75±2.80gh	8.38±4.68defgh	高密度
14	2950	1021.88	25	阳坡	6.77±2.84fg	8.66±4.45fgh	高密度
15	2950	1068.08	20	阳坡	5.84±3.20gh	7.76±4.08fgh	高密度
16	3450	1066.27	36	阳坡	5.98±2.31gh	6.95±3.70h	高密度
17	3450	1066.95	14	阳坡	3.02±2.45i	8.61±4.98cdefgh	高密度
18	3450	1133.16	27	阳坡	3.34±2.11i	7.92±3.57fgh	高密度

密度/（株·hm^-2）	950	1450	1950	2450	2950	3450
950	1	-	-	-	-	-
1450	0.7075	1	-	-	-	-
1950	0.7500	0.7203	1	-	-	-
2450	0.7281	0.7258	0.7381	1	-	-
2950	0.6900	0.7211	0.7222	0.6693	1	-
3450	0.6076	0.7451	0.7053	0.6774	0.8023	1

晋西黄土区不同密度刺槐林下植物群落物种多样性

Understory plant community diversity of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation with different densities in the loess plateau of western Shanxi Province

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