养分添加与干扰对荒漠草原群落组成及构建的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.11

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 958-970.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.11

养分添加与干扰对荒漠草原群落组成及构建的影响

乔静娟^1,²(),左小安^1,³(),岳平^1,³,王国林⁴,王景圆⁴,王泽宙⁴

1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院乌拉特荒漠草原研究站，甘肃兰州 730000
2.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
3.甘肃省寒区旱区逆境生理与生态重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730000
4.内蒙古乌拉特梭梭林蒙古野驴国家级自然保护区乌拉特后旗管理站，内蒙古乌拉特 015500

收稿日期:2022-10-01 修回日期:2023-03-06 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-21
通讯作者: 左小安. E-mail: zuoxa@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:乔静娟（1996-），女，博士研究生，主要从事荒漠草原植物群落物种组成、功能性状和构建机制的研究.E-mail: 2689833492@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41622103);国家自然科学基金(41571106);中国科学院青年创新促进会(E229880105);第二次青藏高原科学考察与研究计划项目(2019QZKK0305)

Nutrient addition and disturbance effects on the community composition and assembly in a desert steppe

QIAO Jingjuan^1,²(),ZUO Xiao’an^1,³(),YUE Ping^1,³,WANG Guolin⁴,WANG Jingyuan⁴,WANG Zezhou⁴

1. Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
4. Urat Rear Banner Management Station, Mongolian Wild Donkey National Nature Reserve, Urat 015500, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2022-10-01 Revised:2023-03-06 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

运用混合线性模型、主成分分析和零模型方法，以乌拉特荒漠草原草本群落为研究对象，研究了短期养分添加(NPKμ，各10 g·m^-2)和干扰对植物群落物种多样性、功能性状、土壤理化性质和群落构建过程的影响。结果表明：（1）干扰和交互处理显著降低物种丰富度和β多样性，短期养分添加显著降低土壤pH，增加土壤电导率。（2）干扰和养分添加处理下，优势物种沙生针茅（Stipa glareosa）、骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）、猪毛菜（Salsola collina）和蒙古虫实（Corispermum mongolicum）的6个性状以及群落功能性状加权均值（Community-weighted mean, CWM）发生显著变化，揭示了干扰和养分添加促使群落优势种从保守型策略向获取型策略转变。（3）两种零模型结果表明，对照下的草本群落构建趋向于随机性过程，干扰和交互处理下的群落构建趋向于确定性过程，养分添加处理下的群落构建趋向于较弱的确定性过程。荒漠草原草本植物群落通过优势物种和关键功能性状的改变来响应和适应养分添加与干扰。

关键词: 荒漠草原, 养分添加, 干扰, 物种多样性, 功能多样性, 群落构建

Abstract:

The effects of short-term nutrient additions (NPKμ, 10 g·m^-2) and disturbances on the species diversity, functional traits, soil properties, and community assembly mechanisms of the herbaceous community in the Urat desert steppe were examined. A mixed linear model, principal component analysis, and null model methods were utilized and both disturbance and interaction treatments were found to significantly reduce species richness and β diversity. Short-term nutrient additions significantly reduced soil pH but increased soil electrical conductivity. Six functional traits of the dominant species (i.e. Stipa glareosa, Peganum harmala, Salsola collina, Corispermum mongolicum) and six community-weighted mean significant changes under the disturbance and nutrient addition treatments were identified. The disturbance and nutrient additions promoted the transformation of the dominant species in the community from conservative strategies to acquisitive strategies. The results of the two null models revealed that community assembly under the control tended to be a stochastic process, while the disturbance and interaction treatments tended to be deterministic processes, and that of the nutrient addition treatments tended to be weaker deterministic processes. Plant communities in the desert steppe responded and adapted to the nutrient additions and disturbances through changes in the dominant species and their crucial functional traits.

Key words: desert steppe, nutrient addition, disturbance, species diversity, functional diversity, community assembly

乔静娟, 左小安, 岳平, 王国林, 王景圆, 王泽宙. 养分添加与干扰对荒漠草原群落组成及构建的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 958-970.

QIAO Jingjuan, ZUO Xiao’an, YUE Ping, WANG Guolin, WANG Jingyuan, WANG Zezhou. Nutrient addition and disturbance effects on the community composition and assembly in a desert steppe[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 958-970.

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物种	生活型
沙生针茅 (Stipa glareosa)	多年生
猪毛菜 (Salsola collina)	一年生
蒙古虫实 (Corispermum mongolicum)	一年生
骆驼蓬 (Peganum harmala)	多年生
鸦葱 (Scorzonera austriaca)	多年生
兔唇花 (Lagochilus ilicifolium)	多年生
碱韭 (Allium polyrhizum)	多年生
蒙古韭 (Allium mongolicum)	多年生
冷蒿 (Artemisia frigida)	多年生
糙隐子草 (Cleistogenes squarrosa)	多年生
天门冬 (Asparagus cochinchinensis)	多年生
银灰旋花 (Convolvulus ammannii)	多年生
砂蓝刺头 (Echinops gmelini)	多年生
冰草 (Agropyron cristatum)	多年生

指标	处理
指标	对照	干扰	养分添加	交互处理	F 值	P 值
pH	9.44±0.02A	9.43±0.02A	9.10±0.07B	9.09±0.07B	10.36	P < 0.001
SWC/%	0.68±0.28	1.34±0.51	0.89±0.17	0.84±0.29	0.56	P > 0.05
EC/(μS·cm^-1)	76.62±5.84B	79.32±4.64B	132.17±2.28A	134.10±7.57A	27.53	P < 0.001
TNC/(g·kg^-1)	0.32±0.02	0.31±0.01	0.36±0.03	0.35±0.02	0.92	P > 0.05
TCC/(g·kg^-1)	4.52±0.14	5.58±0.52	4.98±0.54	5.22±0.28	0.96	P > 0.05

养分添加与干扰对荒漠草原群落组成及构建的影响

Nutrient addition and disturbance effects on the community composition and assembly in a desert steppe

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