巴丹吉林沙漠东缘天然梭梭种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.06.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究巴丹吉林沙漠天然梭梭林的种群结构以及动态特征，揭示梭梭建群种的更新过程和未来发展趋势，编制其静态生命表、生存曲线、数量动态变化指数及时间序列预测模型。结果表明：（1）梭梭种群年龄结构属于“J”型，且梭梭幼苗数量较多；（2）梭梭种群存活曲线属于Deevey-Ⅱ型，龄级越大数量越少，消失率和死亡率变化趋势一致，均在第ⅩⅦ和Ⅳ龄级出现极大值和极小值；（3）梭梭种群结构与动态变化指数大于零（ $V p i ＞ V p i'$ >0），为增长型种群；（4）时间序列预测分析结果表明，梭梭各龄级个体数量呈增加趋势。研究显示，巴丹吉林沙漠东缘天然梭梭种群为稳定增长型种群。针对该种群幼龄成活率较低的情况，建议人工干预，以提高存活率。

关键词: 梭梭, 种群, 数量动态, 时间序列, 巴丹吉林沙漠

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the population structure and dynamic characteristics of the natural Haloxylon ammodendron forest in Badain Jaran Desert, revealing the renewal process and future development trend of this Haloxylon species. This work also involved preparation of a static life table, survival rate curves, mortality and disappearing rate curves, population dynamic change index, and a time-series forecasting model. The results showed that: (1) The age structure of this species belongs to the “J” type, with abundant seedlings. (2) The survival curve belongs to the Deevey-II type, and the disappearance and mortality rates have similar trends, both with maximum and minimum values at ages X VII, and IV. (3) The number dynamic change index is greater than 0, indicating that this species has a growing population. (4) The results of time-series prediction analysis showed that the number of individuals will increase. Studies have shown that the natural H. ammodendron population is a stable growing population. In view of the low survival rate of young in this population, it is recommended to manually intervene in the growth of H. ammodendron seedlings to improve their survival rate.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron, population, population dynamics, time sequence, Badain Jaran Desert

毛毛, 蒙仲举, 党晓宏, 赵飞燕, 王德慧, 柴享贤. 巴丹吉林沙漠东缘天然梭梭种群结构与动态特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(6): 971-978.

MAO Mao, MENG Zhongju, DANG Xiaohong, ZHAO Feiyan, WANG Dehui, CHAI Xiangxian. Population dynamics of natural Haloxylon ammodendron in the eastern margin of Badain Jaran Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(6): 971-978.

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

梭梭种群静态生命表"

龄级	径级（DHB）	A_x	a_x	l_x	$l n l x$	d_x	q_x	L_x	T_x	e_x	K_x	S_x
Ⅰ	2 cm≥DHB	303	303	1000	6.91	393	0.39	804	3292	3.29	0.50	0.61
Ⅱ	4 cm≥DHB>2 cm	184	184	607	6.41	79	0.13	568	2488	4.10	0.14	0.87
Ⅲ	6 cm≥DHB>4 cm	160	160	528	6.27	201	0.38	427	1921	3.64	0.48	0.62
Ⅳ	8 cm≥DHB>6 cm	116	99	327	5.79	30	0.09	312	1493	4.57	0.10	0.91
Ⅴ	10 cm≥DHB>8 cm	112	90	297	5.69	30	0.10	282	1182	3.98	0.11	0.90
Ⅵ	12 cm≥DHB>10 cm	62	81	267	5.59	30	0.11	252	899	3.36	0.12	0.89
Ⅶ	14 cm≥DHB>12 cm	66	72	238	5.47	30	0.13	223	647	2.72	0.13	0.88
Ⅷ	16 cm≥DHB>14 cm	51	63	208	5.34	89	0.43	163	424	2.04	0.56	0.57
Ⅸ	18 cm≥DHB>16 cm	36	36	119	4.78	33	0.28	102	261	2.19	0.33	0.72
Ⅹ	20 cm≥DHB>18 cm	26	26	86	4.45	56	0.65	58	158	1.85	1.06	0.35
Ⅺ	22 cm≥DHB>20 cm	9	9	30	3.39	7	0.22	26	101	3.39	0.25	0.78
Ⅻ	24 cm≥DHB>22 cm	7	7	23	3.14	3	0.14	21	74	3.21	0.15	0.86
ⅩⅢ	26 cm≥DHB>24 cm	7	6	20	2.99	3	0.17	18	53	2.67	0.18	0.83
ⅩⅣ	28 cm≥DHB>26 cm	4	5	17	2.80	3	0.20	15	35	2.10	0.22	0.80
ⅩⅤ	30 cm≥DHB>28 cm	6	4	13	2.58	3	0.25	12	20	1.50	0.29	0.75
ⅩⅥ	32 cm≥DHB>30 cm	1	3	10	2.29	7	0.67	7	8	0.83	1.10	0.33
ⅩⅦ	DHB>32 cm	1	1	3	1.19	-	-	2	2	0.5	-

表1

图3

表2

图4

表3

梭梭种群动态变化指数"

	龄级	指数值	龄级	指数值
$V n$	V_Ⅰ	39.27	V_Ⅹ	65.38
	V_Ⅱ	13.04	V_Ⅺ	22.22
	V_Ⅲ	27.5	V_Ⅻ	0
	V_Ⅳ	3.45	V_ⅩⅢ	42.86
	V_Ⅴ	44.64	V_ⅩⅣ	-33.33
	V_Ⅵ	-6.06	V_ⅩⅤ	83.33
	V_Ⅶ	22.73	V_ⅩⅥ	0
	V_Ⅷ	29.41	V_ⅩⅦ	100
	V_Ⅸ	27.78
$V p i$		0.26
$V p i'$		0.02

表3

表4

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模型类型	方程	R²	曲线类型
指数模型	a_x=a₀e^-^bx, a_x=8.8585e^-0.087^x	0.8949	Deevey-Ⅱ型
直线模型	a_x=a₀+bx, y=-0.3342x+7.1017	0.9592
幂函数模型	a_x=a₀x^-^b, a_x=10.254x^-0.473	0.6321