石羊河下游人工梭梭林健康评价体系构建及应用研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.20

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 872-882.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.20

石羊河下游人工梭梭林健康评价体系构建及应用研究

李雪宁^1,²(),徐先英^1,²,郑桂恒³,马全林¹(),张裕年¹,刘虎俊¹,赵鹏¹(),杨雪梅¹

1.甘肃省治沙研究所荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,甘肃兰州 730070
2.中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京 100091
3.中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京 100091

收稿日期:2021-07-24 修回日期:2021-09-21 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-30
通讯作者: 马全林,赵鹏
作者简介:李雪宁（1995-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠化防治. E-mail: 1914046927@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金-地区基金项目(32060246);国家自然科学基金-地区基金项目(32060373);甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治重点实验室开放基金(GSDC201902);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA091);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR10RA467);甘肃省自然科学基金(20JR5RA095)

A health evaluation of a Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Shiyang River lower reaches

LI Xuening^1,²(),XU Xianying^1,²,ZHENG Guiheng³,MA Quanlin¹(),ZHANG Yunian¹,LIU Hujun¹,ZHAO Peng¹(),YANG Xuemei¹

1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating, Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. Institute of Desertification, Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
3. Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091

Received:2021-07-24 Revised:2021-09-21 Online:2022-05-15 Published:2022-05-30
Contact: Quanlin MA,Peng ZHAO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人工梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）林是石羊河下游分布最广、面积最大的人工固沙林,具有防风固沙、改良土壤、调节气候、增加碳汇等生态功能。近年来,人工梭梭林的普遍退化严重威胁着民勤绿洲的生态安全。因此,及时摸清人工梭梭林的健康状况,对人工固沙林的可持续经营具有重要意义。通过查阅文献及咨询专家（调查问卷）,构建了5个一级指标和19个二级指标的人工梭梭林健康评价体系,采用AHP层次分析法和熵值法确定各指标的权重。基于野外调查数据,运用生态健康综合指数（HI）,对人工梭梭林的健康状况进行评价,结果表明：石羊河下游人工梭梭林整体处于亚健康状态,健康指数值在0.50~0.67之间,均值为0.617。造成人工梭梭林处于亚健康的主要原因是群落结构不合理及生境因子的影响等,建议采取间伐、平茬以及围封等抚育管护措施来提高人工梭梭林的稳定性。

关键词: 石羊河下游, 人工梭梭林, 健康评价, 层次分析法, 熵值法, 可持续经营

Abstract:

A Haloxylon ammodendron forest is a protected ecological forest in a desert area. It not only reduces the impact of wind sand disasters, controls soil erosion, and maintains the ecological stability of desert oasis but also improves soil quality and increases carbon storage of the desert ecosystem. Recently, the H. ammodendron forest has been declining in Minqin. Determining sustainable management of the artificial H. ammodendron forest is critical for the health status and function of wind prevention and sand fixation for this forest over time. In this study, the artificial H. ammodendron forest in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River was selected as the research focus. Through a literature review and expert consultation, a health evaluation system of the artificial H. ammodendron forest with 5 primary indicators and 19 secondary indicators was constructed. Analytic hierarchy process combined with an entropy method was used to determine the weight of each index. Based on the ecological health index (HI) and field survey data, the health status of the artificial H. ammodendron forest was evaluated. Results show the following: the HI value of the artificial H. ammodendron forest in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River is between 0.50 and 0.67; the average comprehensive HI is 0.617, which is in a sub-health state; and to improve the stability of the artificial H. ammodendron forest, we should take measures such as stubble and enclosure.

Key words: the lower reaches of Shiyang River, artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forest, construction of evaluation system, analytic hierarchy process, entropy method, sustainable management

李雪宁,徐先英,郑桂恒,马全林,张裕年,刘虎俊,赵鹏,杨雪梅. 石羊河下游人工梭梭林健康评价体系构建及应用研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 872-882.

LI Xuening,XU Xianying,ZHENG Guiheng,MA Quanlin,ZHANG Yunian,LIU Hujun,ZHAO Peng,YANG Xuemei. A health evaluation of a Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Shiyang River lower reaches[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 872-882.

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样地	林龄/a	密度/(株·hm^-2)
龙王庙	30	25
宋河	18	28
治沙站	32	76
勤锋滩	15	55
刘家地	20	38
三角城	20	67
扶拱	12	60
青土湖	15	74

一级指标	权重	二级指标		权重	评价优劣等级
一级指标	权重	二级指标		权重	差(<0.38)	中(0.38~0.62)	好(0.62~1.0)
群落结构	0.2733	乔木	高度/cm	0.0310	<120	120~200	>200
		乔木	冠幅盖度/%	0.0258	<10	10~20	>20
		灌木	高度/cm	0.0258	<25	25~45	>45
		灌木	冠幅盖度/%	0.0206	<25	25~45	>45
		草本	高度/cm	0.0150	<10	10~20	>20
		草本	密度(株·m^–2)	0.0150	<25	25~65	>65
		植被层次结构		0.0361	1	2	3
		物种丰富度指数		0.0320	<10	10~15	>15
		多样性指数		0.0361	<1.5	1.5~2.0	>2.0
		均匀度指数		0.0361	<0.6	0.6~0.8	>0.8
群落功能	0.2326	防风效能		0.0775	<0.5	0.5~1.2	>1.2
		固沙能力/m³		0.0775	20	20~45	>45
		水土保持		0.0775	>0.6	0.3~0.6	<0.3
健康风险	0.1948	枯稍程度		0.0759	>0.6	0.3~0.6	<0.3
		鼠害发生率/%		0.0594	>20	5~20	<5
		病虫害/%		0.0594	>0.6	0.2~0.4	<0.2
生境因子			土壤含水量/%	0.0367	<2	2~4	>4
	0.1638	土壤养分	有机质/%	0.0270	<0.2	0.2~0.4	>0.4
			全氮/%	0.270	<0.01	0.01~0.02	>0.02
			速效磷/[mg·(100g)^-1]	0.0270	<1.0	1~1.2	>1.2
		pH		0.0193	<5或>8	5~6或6~8	6.0~7.5
		地下水位/m		0.0270	>20	15~20	<15
外界干扰	0.1355	人为管护/(次·a^–1)		0.0794	0	1	2
外界干扰	0.1355	人畜破坏/(次·a^–1)		0.0561	>4	2~4	<2

等级	分数阈值	适用范围
A	0.80~1.0	年降雨量达150 mm以上、8级以上大风日一年有60 d,如瓜州、凉州
B	0.75~0.80	降雨量在100~150 mm之间、沙暴日30 d以上,如民勤、甘州等
C	0.70~0.75	降雨量小于100 mm、沙尘暴日在20 d以上,如临泽、山丹等
D	0.65~0.70	极端干旱区,降雨量少于40 mm、大风日在20 d以下,如敦煌、高台等

石羊河下游人工梭梭林健康评价体系构建及应用研究

A health evaluation of a Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Shiyang River lower reaches

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