南疆盆地亏缺灌溉和覆膜对油莎豆生物量及产量的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.21

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 883-892.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.21 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20220321

南疆盆地亏缺灌溉和覆膜对油莎豆生物量及产量的影响

丁雅^1,^2,^3,⁴(),杨建明⁵,李利^2,^3,⁴(),张志浩^2,^3,⁴,曾凡江^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1.新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
4.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆策勒 848300
5.新疆维吾尔自治区林业和草原局生态保护修复处,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2021-07-27 修回日期:2021-11-30 出版日期:2022-05-15 发布日期:2022-05-30
作者简介:丁雅（1992-）,女,博士研究生,研究方向为植物生态学. E-mail: 1461991668@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC0507600)

Effects of deficit irrigation and film mulching on biomass and production of Cyperus esculentus in the southern Xinjiang Basin

DING Ya^1,^2,^3,⁴(),YANG Jianming⁵,LI Li^2,^3,⁴(),ZHANG Zhihao^2,^3,⁴,ZENG Fanjiang^1,^2,^3,⁴()

1. College of Resources and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration Laboratory, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
4. Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem, Cele 848300, Xinjiang, China
5. Department of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2021-07-27 Revised:2021-11-30 Published:2022-05-15 Online:2022-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究南疆盆地油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus）滴灌覆膜的效果和最适宜的灌溉制度,为构建南疆盆地油莎豆节水高产管理栽培模式提供参考。通过1 a的试验,在覆膜（M）和不覆膜（NM）条件下,设置3种水分处理水平,即：CK处理（对照,以当地常用灌溉量5316.45 m³·hm^-2）、T1处理（灌溉量为3431.40 m³·hm^-2）和T2处理（灌溉量为4133.85 m³·hm^-2）,灌溉频率为6~10 d,研究覆膜和水分控制对油莎豆生长、品质、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：（1）油莎豆的密度受水处理的影响显著（P<0.05）,而根冠比受水处理影响不显著（P>0.05）。（2）覆膜处理的草粗脂肪、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖含量比未覆膜平均提高58.82%、3.35%和17.20%,覆膜处理块茎的粗脂肪含量、可溶性淀粉、可溶性糖含量均高于未覆膜的,分别增加了7.48%、2.56%和2.55%,且水处理间差异不显著（P>0.05）,但是均在T2处理达到最大。（3）产量和水分利用效率随灌溉量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中覆膜条件下,T2处理的草和块茎的产量最大,分别为3974.55 kg·hm^-2和5253.85 kg·hm^-2,较CK处理分别显著增加6.45%和36.95%（P<0.05）,较未覆膜条件下,T2和CK平均产量显著增加29.41%和34.76%（P<0.05）,水分利用效率也在T2处理达到最大值,其中覆膜处理下,草和块茎在T2处理的水分利用效率较CK显著提高38.63%和34.33%（P<0.05）;与T2（覆膜）处理相比,未覆膜条件下CK、T2处理的草和块茎的水分利用效率分别显著提高38.91%和34.33%（P<0.05）,覆膜处理对草的水分利用效率差异不显著（P>0.05）,但是对块茎的水分利用效率差异显著（P<0.05）。因此,在覆膜条件下,灌溉定额为4133.85 m³· hm^-2（T2）时,不仅提高了油莎豆的品质和产量,也提高了水分利用效率,节约水资源。

关键词: 油莎豆, 灌溉量, 品质, 产量, 水分利用效率, 南疆盆地

Abstract:

The effect of drip irrigation and film mulching of Yousha beans in the southern Xinjiang basin and the optimal irrigation system were explored to provide a reference for constructing a water-saving and high-yield management and cultivation mode. A 1-year experiment was conducted under conditions of film mulching (M) and no film mulching (NM). Addtionally, three water control levels were set, the irrigation frequency was 6-10 days, irrigation amounts of T1 and T2 were 3431.40 m³·hm^-2and 4133.85 m³·hm^-2, respectively, and a local common irrigation amount was used as the control (CK, 5316.45 m³·hm^-2) yield and water use efficiency. Results showed that the density of Cyperus esculentus. was significantly affected by water treatment (P<0.05), but the root: shoot ratio was not significantly affected by water treatment (P>0.05). Contents of crude fat, soluble starch, and soluble sugar of grass covered with a plastic film increased by 58.82%, 3.35%, and 17.20%, respectively, on average compared with those without plastic film. Contents of crude fat, soluble starch, and soluble sugar of tubers covered with plastic film were higher than those without plastic film and increased by 7.48%, 2.56% and 2.55%, respectively. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between water treatments (P>0.05) but they reached the maximum in the T2 treatment. The yield and water use efficiency increased first and then decreased with an increased irrigation amount. Under film mulching conditions, the yield of grass and tubers under the T2 treatment were the largest and were 3974.55 kg·hm^-2 and 5253.85 kg·hm^-2 and significantly increased by 6.45% and 36.95%, respectively, compared with the CK treatment (P<0.05). Compared with a condition of no film mulching, the average yield of T2 and CK significantly increased by 29.41% and 34.76%, respectively (P<0.05). The water use efficiency of grass and tubers in the T2 treatment was significantly higher than the CK by 38.63% and 34.33% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared with T2 (film mulching), the water use efficiency of grass and tubers treated with the CK and T2 under no film mulching conditions was significantly increased by 38.91% and 34.33%, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the water use efficiency of grass (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference in the water use efficiency of tubers (P<0.05). Therefore, under film mulching conditions, the irrigation quota was 4133.85 m³·hm^-2, which improved not only the quality and yield of Cyperus esculentus but also the water use efficiency and saved water resources, that is, under conditions of film mulching, the irrigation mode with an irrigation quota of 4133.85 m³·hm^-2 showed economic and water-saving benefits.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus, irrigation, quality, production, water use efficiency, southern Xinjiang Basin

丁雅,杨建明,李利,张志浩,曾凡江. 南疆盆地亏缺灌溉和覆膜对油莎豆生物量及产量的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 883-892.

DING Ya,YANG Jianming,LI Li,ZHANG Zhihao,ZENG Fanjiang. Effects of deficit irrigation and film mulching on biomass and production of Cyperus esculentus in the southern Xinjiang Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 883-892.

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处理		W0/（m³·hm^-2）							W/（m³·hm^-2）
处理		6.22	6.28	7.7	7.14	7.21	8.3	8.15	W/（m³·hm^-2）
覆膜	T1M	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	3431.4
	T2M	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	4133.85
	CKM	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	5316.45
未覆膜	T1NM	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	490.2	3431.4
	T2NM	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	590.55	4133.85
	CKNM	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	759.45	5316.45

处理		总干物质/g	草/g	根/g	块茎/g	比例/%
处理		总干物质/g	草/g	根/g	块茎/g	草	根	块茎
覆膜	T1M	861.48±28.36bc	371.83±36.7ab	216.16±11.90ab	331.27±22.05c	36.45a	25.09a	38.45bc
	T2M	1150.23±78.38a	397.45±56.76a	227.40±47.73ab	525.38±8.28a	34.55a	19.77a	45.68a
	CKM	1007.21±59.41ab	313.52±28.35ab	250.40±64.13a	443.29±21.22b	31.13a	24.86a	44.01ab
未覆膜	T1NM	676.42±20.45d	257.12±36.45b	176.11±24.80b	243.19±3.83d	38.01a	26.04a	35.95c
	T2NM	957.18±38.3bc	345.8±38.62ab	185.12±7.99ab	426.25±1.27b	36.13a	19.34a	44.53ab
	CKNM	823.67±34.64c	270.99±27.08b	193.82±31.03ab	358.85±35.08c	32.9a	31.63a	43.57ab
F水分处理		**	NS	NS	**	NS	NS	**
F覆膜处理		**	NS	*	**	NS	NS	NS
F水分处理×F覆膜处理		NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

处理		粗脂肪/%	粗蛋白/（g·kg^-1）	可溶性淀粉/（g·kg^-1）	可溶性糖/（g·kg^-1）
覆膜	T1M	0.023±0.011a	43.85±2.60ab	16.08±2.28a	13.81±2.16a
	T2M	0.036±0.025a	54.96±1.75a	18.04±3.13a	24.53±4.32a
	CKM	0.026±0.011a	48.62±1.30ab	12.73±2.63a	17.76±4.31a
未覆膜	T1NM	0.012±0.001a	41.19±6.42b	14.10±0.56a	11.85±1.95a
	T2NM	0.013±0.001a	52.22±5.53ab	15.88±4.73a	19.47±3.76a
	CKNM	0.010±0.002a	45.77±1.6ab	15.30±0.40a	15.13±1.51a
F水分处理		NS	*	NS	*
F覆膜处理		NS	NS	NS	NS
F水分处理×F覆膜处理		NS	NS	NS	NS

处理		粗脂肪/%	粗蛋白/（g·kg^-1）	可溶性淀粉/（g·kg^-1）	可溶性糖/（g·kg^-1）
覆膜	T1M	0.176±0.010ab	47.13±1.23a	56.19±2.89a	50.97±5.33a
	T2M	0.207±0.003a	49.36±1.32a	57.21±2.24a	65.71±8.19a
	CKM	0.192±0.019ab	32.29±1.99b	53.00±3.69a	54.68±3.94a
未覆膜	T1NM	0.186±0.006ab	45.75±3.16a	45.97±4.94a	51.35±7.38a
	T2NM	0.188±0.010ab	46.13±2.97a	54.93±7.04a	59.17±1.96a
	CKNM	0.158±0.014b	40.18±4.84ab	54.10±1.45a	56.46±2.55a
F水分处理		NS	**	NS	NS
F覆膜处理		NS	NS	NS	NS
F水分处理×F覆膜处理		NS	NS	NS	NS

处理		灌水量 /（m³·hm^-2）	田间耗水量 /mm	产量/（kg·hm^-2）		水分利用率/（kg·m^-3）
处理		灌水量 /（m³·hm^-2）	田间耗水量 /mm	草	块茎	草	块茎
覆膜	T1M	3431.4	5149.99±3.16c	3140.55±115.22a	3312.75±381.96c	0.61±0.22a	0.63±0.07bc
	T2M	4133.85	6202.36±1.5b	3974.55±983.2a	5253.85±143.37a	0.64±0.16a	0.84±0.03a
	CKM	5301.45	7953.6±1.29a	3135.25±491.01a	4432.9±367.49b	0.39±0.06bc	0.55±0.05c
未覆膜	T1NM	3431.4	5155.59±9.13c	2571.3±631.33a	2431.9±66.28b	0.49±0.11abc	0.46±0.02d
	T2NM	4133.85	6203.66±2.98b	3458.1±668.93a	4262.5±22.04a	0.55±0.11ab	0.68±0.01b
	CKNM	5301.45	7954±1.62a	2709.9±468.92a	3588.55±607.69a	0.34±0.06c	0.45±0.11d
F水分处理			**	NS	**	**	**
F覆膜处理			NS	NS	**	NS	**
F水分处理×F覆膜处理			NS	NS	NS	NS	NS

南疆盆地亏缺灌溉和覆膜对油莎豆生物量及产量的影响

Effects of deficit irrigation and film mulching on biomass and production of Cyperus esculentus in the southern Xinjiang Basin

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