科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.07

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1938-1948.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.07

科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响

吴蕊^1,^2,³(),曹红雨^1,^2,³,高广磊^1,^2,³(),于明含^1,^2,³,丁国栋^1,^2,³,张英^1,^2,³,赵珮杉^1,^2,³

1.北京林业大学水土保持学院林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心，北京 100083
2.宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站，宁夏盐池 751500
3.水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100083

收稿日期:2023-04-30 修回日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-12-18
通讯作者: 高广磊. E-mail： gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:吴蕊（2000-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事荒漠化防治相关研究. E-mail： wurui340828@bjfu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目“沙漠化土地油沙豆适沙抗旱耐盐品种选育与适应性机制研究”(2019YFC0507601)

Effects of irrigation and salinity treatments on the soil bacterial community and plant physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus farmland in Horqin Sandy Land

WU Rui^1,^2,³(),CAO Hongyu^1,^2,³,GAO Guanglei^1,^2,³(),YU Minghan^1,^2,³,DING Guodong^1,^2,³,ZHANG Ying^1,^2,³,ZHAO Peishan^1,^2,³

1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Engineering Research Centre of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
2. Yanchi Ecology Research Station of the Mu Us Desert, Yanchi 751500, Ningxia, China
3. Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2023-04-30 Revised:2023-08-14 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示水盐处理下科尔沁沙地土壤细菌群落结构及其对油莎豆（Cyperus esculentus）的影响。以吉林省前郭尔罗斯灌区油莎豆农田为研究对象，开展水、盐双因素（水处理：50％、70％、100％标准灌溉定额；盐处理：无盐胁迫、轻度盐胁迫、中度盐胁迫）随机区组野外控制试验，构建土壤细菌分子生态网络筛选关键菌种，并研究揭示其与油莎豆生长的相互关系。结果表明：（1）油莎豆农田土壤细菌优势菌门为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）（22.85％±3.80％）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）（20.02％±3.21％）和放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）（18.85％±2.41％）。优势菌属为RB41属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属（Sphingomonas）和红色杆菌属（Rubrobacter）。水盐环境对土壤细菌Alpha多样性无显著影响（P>0.05）。（2） 100％标准灌溉定额灌溉处理细菌种间共存关系更强，50％标准灌溉定额灌溉处理细菌种间互作程度、连接紧密度最高。无盐胁迫细菌群落生态网络复杂度、互作程度最高，中度盐胁迫细菌物种之间的共存关系更强。（3）随灌溉量增加，关键菌群数量增加，中度盐胁迫关键菌群数量达到最大。水盐处理下油莎豆土壤关键菌种为红色杆菌属、RB41属、Dongia属、类固醇杆菌属（Steroidobacter）、硝化螺旋菌属（Nitrospira）、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、溶杆菌属和Luteolibacter属。（4）灌溉量变化对油莎豆株高、冠幅、分蘖数、地上干重、羧化酶、脯氨酸和超氧物歧化酶活性具有显著影响（P<0.05）；施盐量变化对油莎豆的株高、地上干重、脱落酸、可溶性糖、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛具有显著影响（P<0.05）。鞘氨醇单胞菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、溶杆菌属、Dongia属、RB41属、类固醇杆菌属和Luteolibacter属与油莎豆生长生理性状显著相关（P<0.05）。水盐环境改变了土壤细菌群落组成、分子网络及关键菌种，关键菌种则与油莎豆生长生理特征具有显著相关性。研究结果有助于深入揭示水盐生境下油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落结构及其生态功能，为油莎豆适应性种植和稳产高产提供理论依据。

关键词: 水盐处理, 细菌群落结构, 关键菌种, 共现网络, 油莎豆, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract:

To reveal the soil bacterial community structure and its effects on Cyperus esculentus, affected by different irrigation and salinity treatments in the Qian Gorlos Irrigation District, a random plot sampling experiment was conducted using two-factor, three-level (irrigation level: 50%, 70%, and 100% standard irrigation quota; salt level: control group, mild salinity stress, and moderate salinity stress). Comparative analysis of soil bacterial community characteristics in C. esculentus cropland under different irrigation and salinity treatments was performed. Simultaneously, the molecular ecological network of soil bacteria was constructed to determine the keystone species and its interrelationship with C. esculentus growth. Results showed that (1) The dominant phyla of soil bacteria in C. esculentus cropland were Proteobacteria (22.85% ± 3.80%), Acidobacteriota (20.02% ± 3.21%), and Actinobacteriota (18.85% ± 2.41%). The dominant genera were RB41, Sphingomonas, and Rubrobacter. Bacterial alpha diversity differed insignificantly under different irrigation or salinity treatments (P > 0.05). With increasing irrigation, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria gradually increased, whereas that of RB41 gradually decreased. The same trend was observed with increasing salinity stress. (2) The co-existence relationship between bacterial species was stronger in 100% standard irrigation quota treatments, with a positive correlation rate of 78.05%. Additionally, the degree of interactions and tightness of connections between bacterial species was highest at 50% standard irrigation quota treatments. The highest ecological network complexity and degree of interactions among bacterial communities were found in control group soils, and stronger co-existence relationships among bacterial species were found in moderate salinity soils, with a positive correlation rate of 75.31%. (3) The number of keystone species increased with increasing irrigation. Additionally, the RB41 genus appeared under 70% and 100% standard irrigation quota treatments. Significant differences were observed in keystone species under different salinity stresses. At an S2 salinity gradient, the number of keystone species reached a maximum, with the emergence of the dominant genera RB41 and Lysobacter. The keystone species were Rubrobacter, RB41, Dongia, Steroidobacter, Nitrospira, Lysobacter, and Luteolibacter. (4) Variations in irrigation significantly affected plant height, crown size, number of tillers, above-ground dry weight, carboxylase activity, proline, and superoxide dismutase activities of C. esculentus plants (P < 0.05). Changes in salt application significantly affected plant height, above-ground dry weight, abscisic acid, soluble sugar, peroxidase activity, and malondialdehyde in C. esculentus (P < 0.05). The final screening was performed to conclude that Lysobacter, Nitrospira, Lysobacter, Dongia, RB41, Steroidobacter, and Luteolibacter were significantly associated with the growth and physiological traits of C. esculentus (P < 0.05). The soil bacterial community composition, molecular network, and keystone species were changed as a result of different irrigation or salt treatments, and keystone species were significantly associated with the growth of C. esculentus. This improved information contributes to a better understanding of the soil bacterial community structure and its ecological function in C. esculentus cropland and provides a theoretical basis for adaptive planting and stable and high yield of C. esculentus.

Key words: irrigation or salinity treatments, bacterial community structure, keystone species, co-occurrence network, Cyperus esculentus, Horqin Sandy Land

吴蕊, 曹红雨, 高广磊, 于明含, 丁国栋, 张英, 赵珮杉. 科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(12): 1938-1948.

WU Rui, CAO Hongyu, GAO Guanglei, YU Minghan, DING Guodong, ZHANG Ying, ZHAO Peishan. Effects of irrigation and salinity treatments on the soil bacterial community and plant physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus farmland in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(12): 1938-1948.

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处理		Chao1指数	Shannon指数	Coverage指数
灌溉处理	W0	5771.9±690.13a	10.13±0.41a	0.95±0.01a
	W1	5843.85±294.29a	10.27±0.25a	0.95±0.01a
	W2	5928.31±759.23a	10.14±0.49a	0.95±0.01a
施盐处理	S1	5912.15±527.4a	10.25±0.26a	0.95±0.01a
	S2	5971.39±319.48a	10.3±0.14a	0.95±0.01a
	S3	5660.52±843.56a	9.98±0.57a	0.95±0.01a

拓扑参数		灌溉处理			施盐处理
拓扑参数		W0	W1	W2	S1	S2	S3
分子生态网络	节点数	189	197	179	185	180	180
	边数	1371	1099	688	1823	564	895
	正相关连接/％	58.21	56.87	78.05	54.14	56.56	75.31
	平均度	14.508	11.157	7.687	19.708	6.267	9.944
	平均路径长度	3.426	4.008	3.978	3.309	4.560	3.775
	平均聚类系数	0.509	0.507	0.491	0.543	0.420	0.460
	模块性	0.488	0.410	0.650	0.328	0.643	0.574
随机网络	平均路径长度	2.230	2.453	2.758	1.998	3.052	2.495
	平均聚类系数	0.073	0.056	0.050	0.108	0.038	0.052
	模块性	0.207	0.250	0.322	0.176	0.361	0.262

生长生理指标	灌溉处理			施盐处理
生长生理指标	W0	W1	W2	S1	S2	S3
株高/cm	51.81±6.23a	54.7±6.99a	47.70±7.65b	54.48±8.16a	50.85±7.33ab	48.89±5.90b
冠幅/cm	64.61±10.71c	91.94±10.10a	76.70±9.54b	77.30±15.34a	77.63±14.35a	78.33±15.99a
分蘖数	7.33±2.24b	12.44±4.13a	11.22±2.44a	10.56±3.00a	9.44±3.97a	11.00±4.21a
果实数	19.89±10.37a	24.22±9.60a	16.44±9.34a	21.67±10.58a	18.22±6.67a	20.67±12.56a
地上干重/g	18.09±5.42b	25.67±5.29a	23.39±6.42ab	25.84±7.83a	19.75±6.02b	21.56±3.63ab
地下干重/g	15.48±7.28a	19.55±7.64a	15.87±5.87a	19.64±7.75a	14.25±5.12a	17.02±7.39a
根冠比	0.85±0.25a	0.79±0.33a	0.70±0.27a	0.80±0.32a	0.75±0.26a	0.80±0.31a
PEP羧化酶活性/(U·g^-1)	4.88±0.29b	4.55±0.07c	5.21±0.22a	4.83±0.25a	4.76±0.31a	5.05±0.42a
脱落酸ABA/(μg·g^-1)	63.11±4.55a	60.50±6.06a	59.33±2.51a	57.55±3.79b	62.63±5.61a	62.76±2.54a
可溶性糖SS/(mg·g^-1)	2.94±0.16a	2.81±0.21a	2.89±0.15a	3.03±0.13a	2.88±0.11b	2.73±0.15c
脯氨酸Pro/(ng·g^-1)	454.97±55.47a	466.02±28.85a	405.66±17.3b	442.28±49.82a	456.32±51.92a	428.06±30.11a
过氧化物酶活性POD/(mU·g^-1)	4.74±0.28a	4.95±0.18a	4.81±0.43a	4.67±0.30b	5.14±0.12a	4.69±0.23b
超氧物歧化酶活性SOD/(U·g^-1)	731.90±53.39b	820.39±31.44a	666.69±42.93c	755.51±93.46a	721.17±64.46a	742.3±74.22a
丙二醛MDA/(nmol·g^-1)	0.99±0.06a	1.02±0.04a	1.03±0.09a	1.02±0.07ab	1.05±0.03a	0.97±0.07b

科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响

Effects of irrigation and salinity treatments on the soil bacterial community and plant physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus farmland in Horqin Sandy Land

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