干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1949-1958.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.08

• 植物生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

民勤西沙窝沙区不同演替阶段植被变化特征研究

满多清1(),李得禄1,刘明成2(),张德魁1,唐进年1,陈芳1,付贵全1,杨雪梅1,丁峰1   

  1. 1.甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃民勤荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃省沙生植物工程技术研究中心,甘肃 兰州 730070
    2.国家林业和草原局甘肃濒危动物保护中心,甘肃 武威 733000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29 修回日期:2023-07-06 出版日期:2023-12-15 发布日期:2023-12-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘明成. E-mail: liumczhisha@126.com
  • 作者简介:满多清(1966-),男,博士,研究员,主要从事荒漠生态与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: mandq318@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32260426);国家重点研发项目(2020YFA0608401);省级重点人才项目(甘组通字[2023]20号)

Vegetation change characteristic research of different evolution stages in Minqin Xishawo desert areas

MAN Duoqing1(),LI Delu1,LIU Mingcheng2(),ZHANG Dekui1,TANG Jinnian1,CHEN Fang1,FU Guiquan1,YANG Xuemei1,DING feng1   

  1. 1. Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Minqin National Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystem Studies, Gansu Desert Plant Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
    2. Gansu Endangered Animal Protection Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-03-29 Revised:2023-07-06 Online:2023-12-15 Published:2023-12-18

摘要:

通过对60 a来民勤西沙窝沙区生态植被观测研究,在地下水位持续下降过程中,植被演替主要经历了4个阶段:退化草甸、柽柳群系阶段;柽柳群系、白刺群系阶段;白刺群系、退化柽柳群系阶段及白刺群系阶段,是植物多样性持续降低、植被覆盖度显著下降、生态严重退化与沙漠化快速发展的过程;随着雨养面积不断扩大,降水量较大的年份,沙旱生草本植物增长,其物种多样性与植被覆盖度增加,降水量小的年份则反之;沙旱生灌木植被相对稳定,年降水量超过140 mm,促进灌木植物种群生长发育,100~140 mm维持生长,低于100 mm趋于退化;多数人工固沙造林树种已退化和衰亡,梭梭作为外来树种生态适应性强,已发展为民勤沙区最大的人工固沙林,造林密度大、干旱是梭梭林退化的主要原因,按植被承载量,低密度造林后可持续性增强;近年来,随着流域综合治理,统筹用水,民勤生态用水供给增加,局部区域地下水位有所上升,形成了一些微域性湿地,过去的草甸植被重现,生态正向发展,而多数沙区的地下水位下降也在减缓,荒漠化仍在发展。

关键词: 民勤, 西沙窝沙区, 植被, 演替, 变化特征

Abstract:

Through eco-measurement and research at the Xishawo desert pasture in Minqin for 60 a, it was found that desert vegetation flora has experienced four main stages with ground water-table decline, they were the degraded meadow steppe and Tamarix flora, Tamarix and Nitraria flora, Nitraria and degraded Tamarix flora, and Nitraria flora, the plant diversity and coverage dcreased in the processing, eco-degradation and desertification developed remarkably; with rain-fed area enlargement, desert herbal plants grew when precipitation was higher in the year, the plant diversity and coverage increased, and vice versa; some desert shrubs were relatively stable, its population growth and development improved when precipitation was over 140 mm, 100-140 mm for basic growth, and < 100 mm degraded gradually; most plant species of windbreak and sand-fixation afforestation degraded under drought conditions, Haloxylon ammodendron had strong eco-adaptability as an introduced species, it has developed into the biggest man-made windbreak and sand-fixation forest in Minqin desert areas, its big density and drought land were the main reasons for degradation, and sustainability could be increased under low density afforestation according to local plant carry capacity. Recently, with the integrated program implementation in the Shiyang River watershed area, eco-water has been increased, groundwater table has increased in some surroundings, some micro-wetlands have formed, original desert meadow steppe has reoccured, and their ecosystems are developing positively; however, ground water table still reduces slowly in most desert areas, and desertification has developed.

Key words: Minqin, Xishawo desert area, vegetation, evolution, change characteristics