干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 1938-1948.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.12.07
吴蕊1,2,3(),曹红雨1,2,3,高广磊1,2,3(
),于明含1,2,3,丁国栋1,2,3,张英1,2,3,赵珮杉1,2,3
收稿日期:
2023-04-30
修回日期:
2023-08-14
出版日期:
2023-12-15
发布日期:
2023-12-18
通讯作者:
高广磊. E-mail: 作者简介:
吴蕊(2000-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事荒漠化防治相关研究. E-mail: 基金资助:
WU Rui1,2,3(),CAO Hongyu1,2,3,GAO Guanglei1,2,3(
),YU Minghan1,2,3,DING Guodong1,2,3,ZHANG Ying1,2,3,ZHAO Peishan1,2,3
Received:
2023-04-30
Revised:
2023-08-14
Online:
2023-12-15
Published:
2023-12-18
摘要:
为揭示水盐处理下科尔沁沙地土壤细菌群落结构及其对油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)的影响。以吉林省前郭尔罗斯灌区油莎豆农田为研究对象,开展水、盐双因素(水处理:50%、70%、100%标准灌溉定额;盐处理:无盐胁迫、轻度盐胁迫、中度盐胁迫)随机区组野外控制试验,构建土壤细菌分子生态网络筛选关键菌种,并研究揭示其与油莎豆生长的相互关系。结果表明:(1) 油莎豆农田土壤细菌优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(22.85%±3.80%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)(20.02%±3.21%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)(18.85%±2.41%)。优势菌属为RB41属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)和红色杆菌属(Rubrobacter)。水盐环境对土壤细菌Alpha多样性无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2) 100%标准灌溉定额灌溉处理细菌种间共存关系更强,50%标准灌溉定额灌溉处理细菌种间互作程度、连接紧密度最高。无盐胁迫细菌群落生态网络复杂度、互作程度最高,中度盐胁迫细菌物种之间的共存关系更强。(3) 随灌溉量增加,关键菌群数量增加,中度盐胁迫关键菌群数量达到最大。水盐处理下油莎豆土壤关键菌种为红色杆菌属、RB41属、Dongia属、类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、溶杆菌属和Luteolibacter属。(4) 灌溉量变化对油莎豆株高、冠幅、分蘖数、地上干重、羧化酶、脯氨酸和超氧物歧化酶活性具有显著影响(P<0.05);施盐量变化对油莎豆的株高、地上干重、脱落酸、可溶性糖、过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛具有显著影响(P<0.05)。鞘氨醇单胞菌属、硝化螺旋菌属、溶杆菌属、Dongia属、RB41属、类固醇杆菌属和Luteolibacter属与油莎豆生长生理性状显著相关(P<0.05)。水盐环境改变了土壤细菌群落组成、分子网络及关键菌种,关键菌种则与油莎豆生长生理特征具有显著相关性。研究结果有助于深入揭示水盐生境下油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落结构及其生态功能,为油莎豆适应性种植和稳产高产提供理论依据。
吴蕊, 曹红雨, 高广磊, 于明含, 丁国栋, 张英, 赵珮杉. 科尔沁沙地水盐处理对油莎豆农田土壤细菌群落及植株生理特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(12): 1938-1948.
WU Rui, CAO Hongyu, GAO Guanglei, YU Minghan, DING Guodong, ZHANG Ying, ZHAO Peishan. Effects of irrigation and salinity treatments on the soil bacterial community and plant physiological characteristics of Cyperus esculentus farmland in Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(12): 1938-1948.
表1
科尔沁沙地水盐处理下土壤细菌群落Alpha多样性指数"
处理 | Chao1指数 | Shannon指数 | Coverage指数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
灌溉处理 | W0 | 5771.9±690.13a | 10.13±0.41a | 0.95±0.01a |
W1 | 5843.85±294.29a | 10.27±0.25a | 0.95±0.01a | |
W2 | 5928.31±759.23a | 10.14±0.49a | 0.95±0.01a | |
施盐处理 | S1 | 5912.15±527.4a | 10.25±0.26a | 0.95±0.01a |
S2 | 5971.39±319.48a | 10.3±0.14a | 0.95±0.01a | |
S3 | 5660.52±843.56a | 9.98±0.57a | 0.95±0.01a |
表2
科尔沁沙地水盐处理下土壤细菌分子生态网络和随机网络拓扑参数"
拓扑参数 | 灌溉处理 | 施盐处理 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W0 | W1 | W2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | |||
分子生态网络 | 节点数 | 189 | 197 | 179 | 185 | 180 | 180 | |
边数 | 1371 | 1099 | 688 | 1823 | 564 | 895 | ||
正相关连接/% | 58.21 | 56.87 | 78.05 | 54.14 | 56.56 | 75.31 | ||
平均度 | 14.508 | 11.157 | 7.687 | 19.708 | 6.267 | 9.944 | ||
平均路径长度 | 3.426 | 4.008 | 3.978 | 3.309 | 4.560 | 3.775 | ||
平均聚类系数 | 0.509 | 0.507 | 0.491 | 0.543 | 0.420 | 0.460 | ||
模块性 | 0.488 | 0.410 | 0.650 | 0.328 | 0.643 | 0.574 | ||
随机网络 | 平均路径长度 | 2.230 | 2.453 | 2.758 | 1.998 | 3.052 | 2.495 | |
平均聚类系数 | 0.073 | 0.056 | 0.050 | 0.108 | 0.038 | 0.052 | ||
模块性 | 0.207 | 0.250 | 0.322 | 0.176 | 0.361 | 0.262 |
表3
科尔沁沙地水盐处理下油莎豆生长生理指标"
生长生理指标 | 灌溉处理 | 施盐处理 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W0 | W1 | W2 | S1 | S2 | S3 | ||
株高/cm | 51.81±6.23a | 54.7±6.99a | 47.70±7.65b | 54.48±8.16a | 50.85±7.33ab | 48.89±5.90b | |
冠幅/cm | 64.61±10.71c | 91.94±10.10a | 76.70±9.54b | 77.30±15.34a | 77.63±14.35a | 78.33±15.99a | |
分蘖数 | 7.33±2.24b | 12.44±4.13a | 11.22±2.44a | 10.56±3.00a | 9.44±3.97a | 11.00±4.21a | |
果实数 | 19.89±10.37a | 24.22±9.60a | 16.44±9.34a | 21.67±10.58a | 18.22±6.67a | 20.67±12.56a | |
地上干重/g | 18.09±5.42b | 25.67±5.29a | 23.39±6.42ab | 25.84±7.83a | 19.75±6.02b | 21.56±3.63ab | |
地下干重/g | 15.48±7.28a | 19.55±7.64a | 15.87±5.87a | 19.64±7.75a | 14.25±5.12a | 17.02±7.39a | |
根冠比 | 0.85±0.25a | 0.79±0.33a | 0.70±0.27a | 0.80±0.32a | 0.75±0.26a | 0.80±0.31a | |
PEP羧化酶活性/(U·g-1) | 4.88±0.29b | 4.55±0.07c | 5.21±0.22a | 4.83±0.25a | 4.76±0.31a | 5.05±0.42a | |
脱落酸ABA/(μg·g-1) | 63.11±4.55a | 60.50±6.06a | 59.33±2.51a | 57.55±3.79b | 62.63±5.61a | 62.76±2.54a | |
可溶性糖SS/(mg·g-1) | 2.94±0.16a | 2.81±0.21a | 2.89±0.15a | 3.03±0.13a | 2.88±0.11b | 2.73±0.15c | |
脯氨酸Pro/(ng·g-1) | 454.97±55.47a | 466.02±28.85a | 405.66±17.3b | 442.28±49.82a | 456.32±51.92a | 428.06±30.11a | |
过氧化物酶活性POD/(mU·g-1) | 4.74±0.28a | 4.95±0.18a | 4.81±0.43a | 4.67±0.30b | 5.14±0.12a | 4.69±0.23b | |
超氧物歧化酶活性SOD/(U·g-1) | 731.90±53.39b | 820.39±31.44a | 666.69±42.93c | 755.51±93.46a | 721.17±64.46a | 742.3±74.22a | |
丙二醛MDA/(nmol·g-1) | 0.99±0.06a | 1.02±0.04a | 1.03±0.09a | 1.02±0.07ab | 1.05±0.03a | 0.97±0.07b |
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