塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.02.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 247-256.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.02.09

塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

程谦^1,²(),塔依尔江·艾山^1,²(),玉米提·哈力克^1,²,王新英^3,⁴

1.新疆大学生态与环境学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.绿洲生态教育部重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
3.新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
4.新疆塔里木河胡杨林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2022-07-25 修回日期:2022-09-26 出版日期:2023-02-15 发布日期:2023-03-08
通讯作者: 塔依尔江·艾山
作者简介:程谦（1992-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生态学方面的研究. E-mail: chengqian20190316@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32160367);国家自然科学基金项目(31700386)

Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

CHENG Qian^1,²(),Tayierjiang AISHAN^1,²(),Umut HALIK^1,²,WANG Xinying^3,⁴

1. College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
3. Institute of Afforestation and Desertification Control, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Tarim Poplus euphratica Riparian Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-07-25 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-02-15 Published:2023-03-08
Contact: AISHAN Tayierjiang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胡杨作为干旱区生态环境变化的指示物种，对于维持区域脆弱生态系统稳定性起着不可替代的作用。本文以塔里木河中游胡杨林生态系统定位观测研究站样地中不同林龄胡杨活立木为研究对象，探讨不同林龄胡杨活立木空心率、空心与未空心构型差异及其活立木空心树构型性状的变化规律。结果表明：研究区胡杨活立木空心率为16.96%，约78株·hm^-2，空心率随林龄的增加而递增，其中成熟木空心发生率是未成熟木的4.3倍。胡杨活立木空心程度与胸径、树高、冠幅、溃疡面积呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与高径比呈显著负相关，与疏失度和冠长率相关性不显著，空心现象并未造成长势上的明显劣势。随林龄增加，胡杨活立木空心树构型性状表现出资源保守型的适应特征，其空心化很可能是胡杨对极端干旱环境的适应策略。

关键词: 塔里木河, 不同林龄, 胡杨, 空心树, 构型

Abstract:

Populus euphratica Oliv. is an indicator species of eco-environmental changes in arid areas and it plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of a regional fragile ecosystem. At present, relevant research on the hollow tree of P. euphratica is still lacking. In this paper, we investigated the hollow ratio, architecture trait differences in living trees with hollow and without hollow, and its variation among the different aged forests in the Tarim River National Positioning Observation Station of P. euphratica Forest Ecosystem. The results showed that the hollow ratio of P. euphratica living standing trees in the study area was 17% (about 78 trees·hm^-2) and the hollow rate increased with the increasing forest age. The hollow rate was related to maturity as the hollow occurrence rate of mature trees was 4.3 times higher than that of immature trees. The degree of hollowing of living trees was significantly positively correlated with the diameter at breast height, tree height, crown width, and ulcer area (P < 0.05), while it negatively correlated with height-to-diameter ratio. No significant correlation of the degree of hollowing was observed with the crown loss and crown length. The hollow phenomenon did not cause an obvious disadvantage in tree growth. The architectural traits of the living standing trees of P. euphratica showed resource-conserving adaptation characteristics with the increase in standing age. and their hollowing was likely to be the adaptation strategy of P. euphratica to the extremely arid environment.

Key words: Tarim River, different stand ages, Populus euphratica, hollow tree, architecture traits

程谦,塔依尔江·艾山,玉米提·哈力克,王新英. 塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(2): 247-256.

CHENG Qian,Tayierjiang AISHAN,Umut HALIK,WANG Xinying. Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(2): 247-256.

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林分特征		龄组
林分特征		中龄林	近熟林	成熟林	过熟林	总计
调查株数	总数	79	64	45	42	230
	空心树	5	5	7	22	39
	溃疡树	37	35	34	38	144
	占比/%	6.33	7.84	15.56	52.38	16.96
	溃疡占比/%	46.83	54.69	75.56	90.48	62.61
胸径/cm	M±SD	15.63±6.59c	22.19±10.56b	32.91±9.26a	36.83±23.49a	26.89±12.48
胸径/cm	最大值	39	44	58	99	99
树高/m	M±SD	8.22±2.63b	8.95±2.94b	11.50±2.88b	9.06±2.79a	26.89±2.81
树高/m	最大值	13	18	19	17.5	19
冠幅/m	M±SD	2.20±0.84c	3.36±1.81b	5.17±2.14a	4.75±1.74a	3.87±1.63
冠幅/m	最大值	5.75	10.50	11.70	9.45	11.70
林分密度/（株·hm^-2）		712±14	382±18	152±15	48±5	339.25±13

塔里木河中游不同林龄胡杨活立木空心树特征

Hollow tree characteristics of different aged Populus euphratica forests in the middle reaches of the Tarim River

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