塔里木河下游河道断流区生态安全评估与生态恢复对策

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.25

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1128-1139.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.25

塔里木河下游河道断流区生态安全评估与生态恢复对策

孔子洁^1,²(),邓铭江³,凌红波⁴(),王光焰⁵,徐生武⁵,王增如⁶

1.天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300350
2.天津大学建筑工程学院,天津 300350
3.新疆额尔齐斯河流域开发工程建设管理局,新疆乌鲁木齐 830000
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
5.新疆塔里木河流域干流管理局,新疆库尔勒 841000
6.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2021-01-27 修回日期:2021-04-10 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-03
通讯作者: 凌红波
作者简介:孔子洁(1997-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事生态水文过程研究. E-mail: 18846921135@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504302-01);中国科学院“西部青年学者”项目(2019-XBQNXZ-A-001);新疆天山青年计划(2019Q006);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-114)

Ecological security assessment and ecological restoration countermeasures in the dry-up area of the lower Tarim River

KONG Zijie^1,²(),DENG Mingjiang³,LING Hongbo⁴(),WANG Guangyan⁵,XU Shengwu⁵,WANG Zengru⁶

1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
2. School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
3. Xinjiang Irtysh River Basin Development and Construction Management Bureau, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China
4. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
5. Management Bureau of the Main Stream of Xinjiang Tarim River Basin, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
6. Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2021-01-27 Revised:2021-04-10 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-03
Contact: Hongbo LING

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

治理塔里木河下游断流河道的生态环境对维护下游整体的生态安全以及巩固近20 a的生态输水成果具有重要意义。塔里木河下游自2000年开始实施生态输水,现今已取得明显成效;但流域内的局部区域生态退化形势严峻,其支流喀然其河和纳胂河河道依然支离破碎。利用河道断流区域遥感影像和气象水文等数据,结合GIS技术和Mann-Kendall非参数检验方法,分析了生态环境要素时空变化规律,评估了其生态安全状况,提出了生态恢复对策。结果表明:(1) 气象要素方面,1971—2019年在大风日数极显著减少的情况下,沙尘暴日数仍有所增加;1957—2019年气温和降水量均呈上升趋势,2000—2018年温度植被干旱指数显著增大。(2) 植被要素方面,2000—2018年植被覆盖度和生产力均呈不显著增加趋势,但其水平均很低;河道断流区生态安全处于预警和中度预警水平。

关键词: 塔里木河下游, 河道断流区, 生态安全, 生态恢复, 水系连通

Abstract:

Harnessing the ecological environment of the cutoff river in the lower reaches of Tarim River is of great significance for maintaining the overall ecological security of the downstream Tarim River and consolidating the achievements of ecological water conveyance in the past 20 years. The lower reaches of Tarim River have been involved in ecological water conveyance since 2000, and now remarkable achievements have been made. However, ecological degradation in some areas of the lower Tarim River Basin is severe, and its branches, the Karanqi River and Nashen River, are still fragmented. Remote sensing images and meteorological and hydrological data of the river cutoff area combined with GIS technology and Mann-Kendall nonparametric test method were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation laws of ecological environment elements, to evaluate the ecological security situation, and to propose countermeasures for ecological restoration. The results show that in terms of meteorological elements, the number of sandstorm days increased under the condition of extremely significant reduction of gale days from 1971 to 2019, the temperature and precipitation showed an upward trend from 1957 to 2019, and the temperature-vegetation drought index increased greatly from 2000 to 2018. In terms of the variation law of vegetation factors, although the vegetation coverage and productivity showed no significant increasing trend from 2000 to 2018, their levels were very low. Furthermore, the ecological security of the cutoff river area is in the early and moderate warning levels.

Key words: lower Tarim River, river cut-off area, ecological safety, ecological restoration, water system connection

孔子洁,邓铭江,凌红波,王光焰,徐生武,王增如. 塔里木河下游河道断流区生态安全评估与生态恢复对策[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1128-1139.

KONG Zijie,DENG Mingjiang,LING Hongbo,WANG Guangyan,XU Shengwu,WANG Zengru. Ecological security assessment and ecological restoration countermeasures in the dry-up area of the lower Tarim River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1128-1139.

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指标	指标级别划分标准
指标	I(100分)	II(80分)	III(60分)	IV(40分)	V(20分)
大风和沙尘暴日数/d	<5	5~20	20~30	30~40	>40
TVDI	<0.4	0.4~0.6	0.6~0.75	0.75~0.9	>0.9
植被覆盖度/%	>20	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5
植被生产力/ (g C·m^-2)	>100	75~100	50~75	25~50	<25
蒸散发/mm	>200	150~200	100~150	50~100	<50
SPEI	-0.5~0.5	-1.0~-0.5	-1.5~-1.0	-2.0~-1.5	<-2.0

指标	权重r_j	排名
植被覆盖度	0.29	1
TVDI	0.24	2
ET	0.19	3
SPEI	0.14	4
大风和沙尘暴日数	0.09	5
植被生产力	0.05	6

塔里木河下游河道断流区生态安全评估与生态恢复对策

Ecological security assessment and ecological restoration countermeasures in the dry-up area of the lower Tarim River

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