黑河中游湿地胡杨蒸腾速率与叶性状的关联性分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱区湿地植物叶片蒸腾作用与叶性状的关联性研究,对揭示植物叶片叶脉网络性状、叶片形态构建模式与植物体内水分平衡间的内在联系至关重要。以黑河中游湿地胡杨（Populus euphratica）为研究对象,按胡杨林距离水域的远近分别设置：I （离水域30~110 m, 土壤含水量（SMC） 58.23%）、II （离水域160~240 m, SMC 40.53%）、III （离水域290~370 m, SMC 28.36%）3个样地,研究了不同土壤含水量条件下胡杨叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）与叶性状之间的关联性。结果表明：（1）随着土壤含水量的逐渐减小,胡杨林的高度、胸径和郁闭度均逐渐降低,光合有效辐射（PAR）显著增加;（2）胡杨叶片的叶脉密度、叶厚度、净光合速率（Pn）、Tr、气孔导度（Gs）和胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）逐渐增加,而叶脉直径、叶面积和比叶面积逐渐减小;（3） 3个样地胡杨Tr与叶脉密度均呈极显著的正相关关系（P<0.01）,与叶面积和比叶面积呈极显著负相关关系（P<0.01）;（4）在样地I和样地III,胡杨Tr与叶脉直径呈极显著的负相关关系（P<0.01）,在样地II二者呈显著负相关关系（P<0.05）。为适应土壤水分的梯度性变化,胡杨种群通过优化叶性状的资源投入以调控叶片蒸腾耗水,实现对土壤水分的有效利用和光合碳同化产物的合理分配,体现了干旱区内陆河湿地植物对特殊生境的生态适应机制。

关键词: 胡杨（Populus euphratica）, 蒸腾速率, 叶性状, 湿地, 黑河中游

Abstract:

Study of the correlation between transpiration and vein characters in wetland plants in arid regions is of great importance in understanding the internal relationship between vein network characters, leaf morphology, and water balance in plants. Our aim was to examine the correlation between the transpiration rate and the leaf traits of Populus euphratica at different levels of soil moisture content (SMC). Our study area was in the middle reaches of the Heihe River wetland, Gansu Province, China (98°25′56.98″E, 39°54′10.55″). We divided the sample area into three levels based on the distance from water: Plot I (30-110 m from water, SMC 58.23%), plot II (160-240 m away from water, SMC 40.53%), and plot III (290-370 m from water, SMC 28.36%). The findings revealed that as the SMC decreased, the crown density, diameter at breast height, plant height, vein diameter, leaf area, and specific leaf area of P. euphratica decreased gradually, whereas the opposite was the case for leaf thickness, vein density, PAR, Pn, Tr, Gs, and Ci. There was a highly significant positive correlation between Tr and vein density at three plots (P<0.01), and the opposite correlation was seen between leaf area and specific leaf area. There was a highly significant negative correlation between Tr and vein diameter in plots I and III (P<0.01), whereas there was a significantly negative correlation between Tr and vein diameter in plot II (P<0.05). To adapt to the gradient change of soil water, P. euphratica populations regulated the water consumption due to leaf transpiration by optimizing the resource input of leaf vein characters to realize effective utilization of soil water and reasonable distribution of photosynthetic carbon assimilation products; this reflected the ecological adaptation mechanism of inland river wetland plants in arid areas to special habitats.

Key words: Populus euphratica, transpiration rate, leaf trait, wetland, middle reaches of the Heihe River

文军,赵成章,李群,赵连春. 黑河中游湿地胡杨蒸腾速率与叶性状的关联性分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 429-437.

WEN Jun,ZHAO Chengzhang,LI Qun,ZHAO Lianchun. Studies of correlation between the transpiration rate and leaf traits of Populus euphratica in the middle reaches of the Heihe River wetland[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 429-437.

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样地	SMC/%	PAR/(μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	高度/cm	DBH/cm	郁闭度/%
Ⅰ	58.23 ± 1.75a	759.43 ± 17.36a	691.67 ± 19.90a	14.68 ± 0.68a	85.20 ± 0.89a
Ⅱ	40.53 ± 1.56b	963.63 ± 19.24b	557.33 ± 18.56b	10.24 ± 0.57b	74.40 ± 0.75b
Ⅲ	28.36 ± 0.85c	1329.33 ± 27.82c	294.03 ± 14.20c	5.21 ± 0.37c	57.39 ± 0.86c

	样地Ⅰ	样地Ⅱ	样地Ⅲ
叶脉密度/(mm·mm^-2)	2.26±0.11c	2.51±0.13b	2.91±0.17a
叶脉直径/mm	0.37±0.01a	0.33±0.01b	0.29±0.01c
叶面积/cm²	13.13±0.56a	9.46±0.39b	4.07±0.31c
叶厚度/mm	0.44±0.01c	0.47±0.01b	0.51±0.02a
比叶面积/(cm²·g^-1)	44.83±0.61a	39.50±0.35b	30.57±0.24c
Pn/(μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1)	5.65±0.18c	9.83± 0.21b	12.99±0.27a
Tr/(mmol H₂O·m^-2·s^-1)	3.65±0.24c	5.35±0.43b	6.63±0.55a
Gs/(mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	165.04±11.62c	264.13±16.52b	335.67±19.86a
Ci/(μmol·mol^-1)	302.71±11.71b	337.31±16.25a	340.14±16.83a
VPD/(Pa·kPa^-1)	12.26±1.18c	20.12±1.26a	20.85±1.33a
相对湿度/%	69.48±0.75a	56.40±0.70b	43.84±0.93c

	叶脉密度	叶脉直径	叶面积	叶厚度	比叶面积	Pn	Tr	Gs	Ci
叶脉密度	1
叶脉直径	-0.92^**	1
叶面积	-0.95^**	0.93^**	1
叶厚度	0.89^*	-0.87^*	-0.90^**	1
比叶面积	-0.95^**	0.93^**	0.99^**	-0.91^**	1
Pn	0.93^**	-0.97^**	-0.97^**	0.88^*	-0.97^**	1
Tr	0.95^**	-0.98^**	-0.95^**	0.88^*	-0.94^**	0.97^**	1
Gs	0.91^**	-0.93^**	-0.93^**	0.86^*	-0.93^**	0.96^**	0.94^**	1
Ci	0.66	-0.76	-0.62	0.59	-0.62	0.74	0.74	0.74	1