吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水“三氮”空间分布与影响因素

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.08.11

Abstract

Abstract:

Groundwater plays an essential role in supporting economic development in the oasis region of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, China. However, pollution by the “three nitrogen” compounds (NO₃^--N, NO₂^--N, and NH₄⁺-N) poses a certain degree of environmental and health risks to local residents. Based on the analysis results of 54 groundwater samples collected in 2023, this study investigates the spatial distribution and factors influencing the “three nitrogen” forms using mathematical statistics, the APCS-MLR model, hydrochemical correlation analysis, ion ratio analysis, and spatial interpolation methods. The results revealed the following: (1) Groundwater in the study area was generally neutral to weakly alkaline and primarily comprised fresh water. The over-standard rate for NO₃^--N was 35.56%, whereas NO₂^--N and NH₄⁺-N concentrations did not exceed the standard. Horizontally, NO₃^--N concentrations increased gradually from northwest to southeast. Vertically, excessive NO₃^--N was mainly concentrated in unconfined shallow waters at depths of 60-100 m and in confined shallow groundwater at depths of 20-55 m. (2) The “three nitrogen” species in groundwater were derived from different pollution sources. The APCS-MLR analysis indicated that NO₃^--N was predominantly associated with anthropogenic activities (47.56%), NO₂^--N was mainly affected by natural conditions (62.47%), and NH₄⁺-N was largely related to alkaline and reducing environments (55.73%). (3) The primary factors influencing the spatial distribution of the “three nitrogen” compounds included human activities, hydrochemical environment, groundwater table depth, and the lithology of the vadose zone.

Key words: groundwater, three nitrogen compounds, APCS-MLR model, influencing factors, Turpan Basin

ZHAO Xiaoyu, JIANG Feng, ZHOU Jinlong, ZHOU Yinzhu, DING Qizhen. Spatial distribution and factors influencing “three nitrogen” in groundwater in the oasis area of the Turpan Basin[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(8): 1473-1487.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Tab. 1

Statistical of “three nitrogen” in groundwater, different aquifers and groundwater in different districts and counties in oasis area of Turpan Basin"

类型	指标	样本数/个	检出率/%	超标个数/个	点位超标率/%	最大值/（mg·L^-1）	最小值 /（mg·L^-1）	平均值 /（mg·L^-1）	标准差	变异系数/%
吐鲁番盆地绿洲区地下水	NO₃^--N	45	100.00	16	35.56	121.16	2.50	24.21	28.04	115.81
	NO₂^--N	45	100.00	0	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.01	45.00
	NH₄⁺-N	45	95.56	0	0.00	0.29	ND	0.12	0.06	48.44
浅层潜水	NO₃^--N	15	100.00	6	40.00	121.16	2.93	36.09	38.87	107.68
	NO₂^--N	15	100.00	0	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	32.71
	NH₄⁺-N	15	86.67	0	0.00	0.29	ND	0.11	0.06	59.30
深层潜水	NO₃^--N	12	100.00	3	25.00	45.38	3.71	13.61	11.49	84.45
	NO₂^--N	12	100.00	0	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.01	46.05
	NH₄⁺-N	12	100.00	0	0.00	0.22	0.06	0.11	0.05	45.95
承压水区浅层地下水	NO₃^--N	13	100.00	7	53.85	72.89	4.20	27.39	20.92	76.40
	NO₂^--N	13	100.00	0	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.02	0.01	47.89
	NH₄⁺-N	13	100.00	0	0.00	0.20	0.07	0.13	0.04	32.16
承压水区深层地下水	NO₃^--N	5	100.00	1	20.00	41.14	2.50	12.33	14.51	117.64
	NO₂^--N	5	100.00	0	0.00	0.04	0.02	0.03	0.01	29.26
	NH₄⁺-N	5	100.00	0	0.00	0.27	0.07	0.12	0.07	63.82
地表水	NO₃^--N	8	100.00	0	0.00	7.24	2.47	4.40	1.30	29.55
	NO₂^--N	8	100.00	0	0.00	0.08	0.02	0.05	0.02	49.52
	NH₄⁺-N	8	87.50	0	0.00	0.27	ND	0.17	0.06	38.16
泉水	NO₃^--N	1	100.00	0	0.00	-	-	-	-	-
	NO₂^--N	1	100.00	0	0.00	-	-	-	-	-
	NH₄⁺-N	1	100.00	0	0.00	-	-	-	-	-
鄯善县地下水	NO₃^--N	20	100.00	7	35.00	121.16	2.93	30.64	32.44	105.85
	NO₂^--N	20	100.00	0	0.00	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.01	40.67
	NH₄⁺-N	20	95.00	0	0.00	0.22	ND	0.09	0.04	42.47
高昌区地下水	NO₃^--N	17	100.00	6	35.29	72.89	2.50	18.94	18.61	98.27
	NO₂^--N	17	100.00	0	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	35.16
	NH₄⁺-N	17	94.12	0	0.00	0.27	ND	0.13	0.06	43.52
托克逊县地下水	NO₃^--N	8	100.00	3	37.50	47.40	6.35	19.33	12.97	67.12
	NO₂^--N	8	100.00	0	0.00	0.03	0.01	0.02	0.01	33.82
	NH₄⁺-N	8	100.00	0	0.00	0.29	0.07	0.15	0.06	44.68

Tab. 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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总方差解释				旋转成分矩阵					各因子贡献率/%
公因子	初始特征值			理化指标	公因子				理化指标	公因子
公因子	总计	方差贡献率/%	累计贡献率/%	理化指标	F1	F2	F3	F4	理化指标	F1	F2	F3	F4
1	7.11	50.80	50.80	Na⁺	0.94	0.17	0.05	0.06	pH	0.55	7.60	7.06	0.41
2	2.23	15.92	66.72	SO₄^2-	0.93	0.05	-0.14	0.16	ORP	3.50	2.20	12.69	51.55
3	1.42	10.14	76.85	TDS	0.91	0.38	0.01	-0.03	TDS	68.59	19.91	2.40	4.99
4	1.11	7.95	84.80	EC	0.90	0.39	0.00	-0.04	EC	71.33	20.17	0.23	7.40
5	0.75	5.32	90.13	K⁺	0.89	-0.05	-0.17	0.18	K⁺	37.21	6.35	22.65	20.69
6	0.61	4.37	94.50	Mg²⁺	0.89	0.18	-0.17	0.16	Na⁺	33.33	21.61	10.95	10.85
7	0.32	2.32	96.81	Cl^-	0.78	0.39	0.10	-0.17	Mg²⁺	25.41	23.67	14.07	20.73
8	0.22	1.54	98.35	NO₃^--N	0.17	0.86	-0.03	0.22	NH₄⁺-N	0.54	4.45	55.73	18.17
9	0.12	0.82	99.17	HCO₃^-	0.30	0.76	-0.39	-0.03	Cl^-	45.82	11.02	13.28	19.25
10	0.08	0.55	99.73	pH	-0.40	-0.67	0.56	0.04	SO₄^2-	25.95	9.06	25.40	25.95
11	0.02	0.16	99.89	As	-0.08	-0.20	0.85	-0.20	HCO₃^-	1.86	38.52	22.06	1.26
12	0.01	0.07	99.96	NH₄⁺-N	0.07	-0.08	0.84	0.31	NO₃^--N	1.14	47.56	1.73	11.74
13	0.00	0.03	99.98	NO₂^--N	0.12	-0.17	-0.20	-0.82	NO₂^--N	0.35	5.78	6.43	62.47
14	0.00	0.02	100.00	ORP	0.39	-0.03	-0.15	0.71	As	0.56	11.73	55.70	11.37

Spatial distribution and factors influencing “three nitrogen” in groundwater in the oasis area of the Turpan Basin

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