干旱区地下水埋深对土壤水盐运移影响的模拟与调控——以阿克苏河下游河岸带典型田块为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.04

Abstract

Abstract:

Salinization in the irrigation areas of watersheds in downstream arid regions exacerbates soil degradation, crop yield reduction, and river water salinization, severely limiting agricultural production and harming ecological stability. It arises in a manner influenced by the depth of groundwater and poor irrigation and drainage management. Scientifically formulating measures to regulate soil water-salt is key to addressing these issues. In this study, field experiments were conducted in a typical farmland area of the riparian zone by the downstream part of Aksu River. Based on dynamic observations and field survey data, an unsaturated model was established using the HYDRUS-1D software to simulate soil water and salt transport patterns during the cotton growing season, determine appropriate regulatory strategies, and explore the relationship between the stable groundwater evaporation depth and riparian soil structure. The results revealed that the identification and validation accuracy of the soil moisture content and total dissolved solids were 0.862 and 0.752 with root mean square errors of 0.033 and 0.008, respectively, indicating that the model was highly reliable. Irrigation infiltration accounted for 85% of the total soil water recharge, introducing 127.164 mg·cm^-2 of salt, while soil water discharge to groundwater accounted for 59.67% of the total discharge, removing 267.78 mg·cm^-2 of salt. The water balance error was 9.2% and the desalination rate was 33.89%. Considering the demand for water for crops and soil salinity dynamics, setting the irrigation water depth to 70 cm while maintaining the groundwater depth at approximately 220 cm can effectively reduce the soil salinity in the root zone. In sandy loam structures, the position of the loam layer has little effect on the critical evaporation depth of groundwater (150 cm), but significantly influences the stable evaporation depth and actual evaporation. If the loam layer is closer to the surface, the stable evaporation depth becomes shallower and the actual evaporation decreases. The findings provide a reference for preventing salinization and managing water resources in arid regions.

Key words: water-salt regulation, cotton, arid regions, riparian zone, groundwater depth, stable evaporation depth

LU Li, GUO Jianhua, WANG Younian. Depth on soil water-salt transport in arid regions: A case study of representative farmland in the riparian zone of lower Aksu River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(7): 1196-1210.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 1

Basic physical properties of soil and VG parameter table"

深度/m	土壤物理特性				VG参数
深度/m	砂粒/%	粉粒/%	黏粒/%	$K s$	$θ r$	$θ s$	α	n
0~0.35	74.65	23.63	1.72	90.62	0.029	0.398	0.047	1.549
0.35~0.8	65.82	30.26	3.92	66.11	0.03	0.396	0.035	1.422
0.8~1.8	88.58	10.96	0.46	304.76	0.039	0.389	0.044	2.542

Tab. 1

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 2

Fig. 8

Tab. 3

Corrected soil hydraulic parameters and solute transport parameters"

深度/m	土壤类型	$θ r$	$θ s$	α	n	$K s$	$D W$	$D 0$
0~0.35	粉砂土	0.046	0.525	0.032	1.686	83.419	0.34	16.3
0.35~0.8	壤土	0.021	0.546	0.075	1.288	53.801	0.34	14.9
0.8~1.8	细砂	0.060	0.457	0.037	2.281	169.720	0.34	27.2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Tab. 6

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

References 42

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拟合参数	含水率		浓度
评价指标	RMSE	NSE	RMSE	NSE
15 cm	0.07	0.682	0.105	0.798
30 cm	0.034	0.565	0.038	0.573
70 cm	0.02	0.529	0.008	0.494
110 cm	0.007	0.459	0.016	0.361
150 cm	0.004	0.351	0.019	0.322
总体	0.033	0.862	0.008	0.752

水分补给项	补给水量/mm	比值/%	水分排泄项	排泄水量/mm	比值/%
灌溉水量+降雨量	1269.40	85.66	作物蒸腾	333.05	24.75
潜水补给	212.42	14.34	潜水蒸发	209.56	15.58
			底边界排泄	802.94	59.67
合计	1481.82	100	合计	1345.55	100

月份	进盐量	排盐量	补给量	积盐量	总进盐量	总排盐量	总积盐量	脱盐率/%
月份				/(mg·cm^-2)				脱盐率/%
3	31.44	44.258	35.581	22.763	199.99	-267.78	-67.79	33.89
4	31.44	52.474	3.096	-17.938
5	31.44	95.091	1.519	-62.132
6	0	21.83	0.69	-21.14
7	32.844	52.38	8.56	-10.976
8	0	1.75	9.34	7.59
9	0	0	14.04	14.04

棉花生育期	灌溉日期/月-日	灌溉量/mm
春灌	03-10—03-25	156.85
苗期	04-20—04-30	63.35
蕾期	05-25—05-30	121.8
花期	06-25—06-30	269.5
吐絮期	08-20—08-25	88.5

Depth on soil water-salt transport in arid regions: A case study of representative farmland in the riparian zone of lower Aksu River

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