沙漠区地下水化学特征及碳循环——以乌兰布和沙漠东部区为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.03

Abstract

Abstract:

The desert groundwater exhibits a substantial storage capacity and a high concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). Understanding the mechanisms governing carbon migration and transformation in desert groundwater is crucial for gaining deeper insights into the global carbon cycle. Based on groundwater flow system theory, this study collected 50 groundwater samples from the eastern part of the Ulan Buh Desert, Inner Mongolia, China. A combination of statistical analysis, Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs diagram, and hydrogeochemical modeling was employed to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the study area and the mechanisms of carbon migration and transformation during groundwater flow. The results indicate that the groundwater in the study area is generally weakly alkaline. Unconfined water is classified as brackish, whereas confined water ranges from fresh to brackish. The dominant hydrochemical types are Cl-Ca∙Mg and Cl-Na. The groundwater chemistry is primarily influenced by evaporation concentration and water-rock interactions. The total carbon sequestration flux of phreatic water in the eastern Ulan Buh Desert ranges from 4.26-5.39 g·m^-2·a^-1. Among this, carbon uptake via water-rock interactions accounts for 1.14 g·m^-2·a^-1, while carbon input from precipitation recharge through the vadose zone contributes 3.12-4.25 g·m^-2·a^-1. These findings suggest that groundwater in the eastern Ulan Buh Desert exhibits a significant “carbon sink” effect, providing empirical evidence for the role of desert groundwater in the global carbon cycle.

Key words: groundwater, carbon cycle, hydrochemical characteristics, water-rock interaction

JI Yaxin, LI Lu, YANG Xuedong, HOU Fulai, ZHANG Meng, DONG Shaogang. Chemical characteristics of groundwater and carbon cycle in desert areas: A case study of the eastern region of Ulan Buh Desert[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 800-809.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 38

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		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^-	F^-	TDS	pH
潜水	均值	12.66	131.84	57.90	47.20	135.45	199.33	242.89	43.53	0.75	764.84	8.30
	标准差	35.18	69.19	38.79	35.31	88.76	153.61	101.40	58.03	0.36	437.89	0.72
	极小值	1.20	34.90	8.00	8.50	39.00	38.40	103.70	0.00	0.18	252.40	7.66
	极大值	156.40	283.90	140.30	170.10	340.30	744.00	433.20	241.40	1.44	2299.45	10.67
	变异系数	2.78	0.52	0.67	0.75	0.66	0.77	0.42	1.33	0.49	0.57	0.09
承压水	均值	3.86	144.60	48.51	41.23	162.97	177.77	227.62	12.41	0.72	716.56	8.25
	标准差	1.81	101.00	30.49	25.23	121.29	103.88	110.04	16.37	0.58	372.92	0.40
	极小值	0.80	29.70	12.00	7.30	42.50	28.80	67.10	0.00	0.18	246.50	7.66
	极大值	7.80	383.90	140.30	111.80	549.50	422.40	494.20	64.49	3.20	1562.30	9.18
	变异系数	0.47	0.70	0.63	0.61	0.74	0.58	0.48	1.32	0.80	0.52	0.05

矿物名称	饱和指数范围	平均值	矿物溶解方程
白云石	2.37~5.01	3.901	CaMg(CO₃)₂=Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺+2CO₃^2-
方解石	1.12~2.43	1.894	CaCO₃=Ca²⁺+CO₃^2-
石膏	-0.23~1.30	0.534	CaSO₄·2H₂O=Ca²⁺+SO₄^2-+2H₂O
岩盐	-4.56~-1.54	-3.643	NaCl=Na⁺+Cl^-
石英	1.07~2.55	1.958	SiO₂+2H₂O=H₄SiO₄

矿物名称及化学式	路径
矿物名称及化学式	1-5	6-7	10-11	15-14	21-23
钠长石NaAlSi₃O₈	-1.35E-04	1.04E-03	-2.61E-05	1.01E-03	-1.40E-03
钙长石CaAl₂Si₂O₈	-5.27E-08	1.01E-03	-1.13E-05	1.38E-03	-1.79E-03
方解石CaCO₃	1.63E-03	-7.52E-04	-9.63E-04	1.78E-03	9.82E-04
二氧化碳CO₂	-2.04E-04	1.30E-03	1.73E-03	7.95E-04	-1.36E-03
白云石CaMg(CO₃)₂	-8.28E-04	-2.58E-04	7.25E-04	-1.41E-03	1.01E-03
钾长石KAlSi₃O₈	2.05E-05	-1.79E-04	4.86E-05	-3.84E-05	1.02E-05
蒙脱石Al₂O₉Si₃	4.90E-05	-1.24E-03	1.58E-04	-1.60E-03	2.13E-03
石膏CaSO₄·2H₂O	-1.62E-03	-1.50E-04	-1.50E-04	2.10E-03	2.50E-04

路径	水量/（10⁵ m³)	方解石/(t·a^-1)	白云石/(t·a^-1)	CO₂/(t·a^-1)	钠长石/(t·a^-1)	钙长石/(t·a^-1)	钾长石/(t·a^-1)	蒙脱石/(t·a^-1)	石膏/(t·a^-1)
1-5	61.75	1007.10	-940.50	-55.370	-217.75	-0.09	35.12	85.38	-1403.02
6-7	196.20	-1475.63	-929.96	1119.680	5320.39	5519.85	-977.43	-6838.63	-412.85
10-11	36.45	-351.09	486.26	277.109	-24.89	-11.43	49.26	161.98	-76.59
15-14	31.50	561.38	-818.47	110.128	836.93	1209.45	-33.62	-1424.96	926.18
21-23	26.06	255.81	483.73	-156.260	-955.03	-1298.01	7.42	1567.98	91.27
合计		-2.43	-1718.94	1295.290	4959.66	5419.77	-919.25	-6448.26	-875.00

矿物相	消耗或排放CO₂/(t·a^-1)	净碳量/(t·a^-1)
方解石	（4149.300）	1131.627
白云石	（-1182.041）	-298.509
CO₂	（3488.516）	951.413
钠长石	（757.789）	1230.624
钙长石	（1826.310）	249.042
钾长石	（-142.749）	-58.397

Chemical characteristics of groundwater and carbon cycle in desert areas: A case study of the eastern region of Ulan Buh Desert

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