博尔塔拉河上游河谷地区水化学特征及水质评价

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.16

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper examined the hydrochemical characteristics and water quality status of groundwater and surface water in the upper valley of the Bortala River, Xinjiang. The examination was based on 36 groups of water sample data. Hydrochemical characteristics and their influencing factors were studied by Piper diagram, correlation analyses, Gibbs diagram and ion ratio, and the entropy-Bayesian water quality evaluation model, Wilcox and USSL diagrams were used to evaluate water quality. Results of hydrochemical analyses showed the following: (1) the mechanical well water, spring water, and river water in the study area were weakly alkaline fresh water, and total hardness (TH), F^-, $N O 3 -$ and total dissolved solids were aligned as mechanical well water > spring water > river water, whereas $H C O 3 -$ and Ca²⁺ were the dominant anions and cations, respectively. Contents of each component in the upper Bortala River increased along the river. (2) The main hydrochemical types of mechanical well water and spring water in the area were the HCO₃-Ca type, and main hydrochemical types of river water were the HCO₃-Ca and HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na types. Hydrochemical characteristics were controlled mainly by rock weathering, and hydrochemical components were mainly from carbonate rock weathering. Evaporation rock dissolution also occurred and it was affected by cation exchange and human activities. The water quality evaluation of drinking water showed that 82.6% of mechanical well water and 100% of spring water were suitable for drinking, basically suitable for drinking, or suitable for drinking after proper treatment. Water sample points that were not suitable for drinking were affected mainly by excessive Fe, F^-, and $N O 3 -$ . River water, well water, and spring water were suitable for the evaluation of irrigation water quality.

Key words: hydrochemical characteristics, water quality assessment, entropy-Bayesian water quality model, upper valley of Bortala River, Xinjiang

DING Qizhen,LEI Mi,ZHOU Jinlong,ZHANG Jie,XU Dongsheng. An assessment of groundwater, surface water, and hydrochemical characteristics in the upper valley of the Bortala River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 829-840.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Statistical results of water chemical characteristic parameters"

地下水类型	统计值	pH	TH	TDS	阳离子			阴离子
地下水类型	统计值	pH	TH	TDS	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$H C O 3 -$	F^-	$N O 3 -$
机井水（n=23）	最小值	7.47	78.33	132.38	9.69	24.53	1.95	5.67	13.74	95.23	0.25	1.95
	最大值	8.08	301.26	708.48	127.66	88.48	37.32	42.54	248.01	332.08	1.92	44.68
	均值	7.85	152.51	265.12	30.28	48.85	7.41	12.79	51.94	168.43	0.71	16.54
	标准差	0.18	55.57	121.51	25.18	15.39	7.18	8.95	47.85	55.21	0.51	13.71
	变异系数	0.02	0.36	0.46	0.83	0.32	0.97	0.70	0.92	0.33	0.72	0.83
泉水（n=6）	最小值	7.31	97.41	152.06	12.82	35.79	1.95	7.09	20.34	115.98	0.26	3.76
	最大值	7.90	210.88	318.10	34.26	70.38	10.98	14.18	84.05	195.34	1.06	26.61
	均值	7.69	148.62	232.29	20.72	50.40	5.53	9.45	45.68	155.66	0.48	12.12
	标准差	0.27	45.61	72.96	8.93	13.21	3.53	3.66	28.35	32.46	0.31	9.68
	变异系数	0.03	0.31	0.31	0.43	0.26	0.64	0.39	0.62	0.21	0.64	0.80
河水（n=7）	最小值	7.83	63.26	96.57	10.47	23.73	0.98	2.84	6.17	81.80	0.19	2.58
	最大值	8.68	147.62	254.71	29.01	47.46	7.07	17.02	52.82	156.27	0.63	11.79
	均值	8.12	97.98	156.52	16.47	32.92	3.83	8.20	26.72	108.48	0.40	5.49
	标准差	0.30	30.44	54.56	6.42	9.26	2.12	4.63	14.35	30.73	0.18	3.65
	变异系数	0.04	0.31	0.35	0.39	0.28	0.55	0.56	0.54	0.28	0.44	0.67

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Tab. 2

Correlation statistics of main hydrochemical components in water body"

		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$H C O 3 -$	$N O 3 -$	F^-	TDS	pH
机井水	K⁺	1	0.658	0.965^**	0.792^*	0.832^*	0.821^*	0.964^**	0.666	0.501	0.905^**	-0.285	河水
	Na⁺	0.830^**	1	0.824^*	0.668	0.891^**	0.858^*	0.805^*	0.685	0.716	0.910^**	0.102
	Ca²⁺	0.355	0.156	1	0.784^*	0.938^**	0.872^*	0.998^**	0.736	0.620	0.978^**	-0.201
	Mg²⁺	0.776^**	0.826^**	0.324	1	0.738	0.941^**	0.760^*	0.548	0.277	0.833^*	0.016
	Cl^-	0.755^**	0.922^**	0.268	0.714^**	1	0.838^*	0.938^**	0.787^*	0.578	0.958^**	-0.148
	$S O 4 2 -$	0.798^**	0.940^**	0.300	0.908^**	0.900^**	1	0.847^*	0.674	0.475	0.937^**	-0.007
	$H C O 3 -$	0.735^**	0.619^**	0.755^**	0.798^**	0.548^**	0.679^**	1	0.727	0.599	0.966^**	-0.239
	$N O 3 -$	0.308	0.103	0.827^**	0.147	0.186	0.137	0.569^**	1	0.301	0.757^*	-0.478
	F^-	0.112	0.237	0.217	-0.164	0.314	0.090	0.077	0.297	1	0.635	0.416
	TDS	0.847^**	0.879^**	0.588^**	0.886^**	0.855^**	0.926^**	0.881^**	0.450^*	0.193	1	-0.092
	pH	0.244	0.308	0.027	0.230	0.275	0.315	0.095	0.069	-0.023	0.258	1
泉水	K⁺	1
	Na⁺	0.847^*	1
	Ca²⁺	0.621	0.472	1
	Mg²⁺	0.837^*	0.563	0.814^*	1
	Cl^-	0.882^*	0.950^**	0.299	0.553	1
	$S O 4 2 -$	0.692	0.462	0.921^**	0.953^**	0.372	1
	$H C O 3 -$	0.713	0.680	0.956^**	0.764	0.495	0.839^*	1
	$N O 3 -$	0.939^**	0.894*	0.357	0.605	0.967^**	0.409	0.524	1
	F^-	0.413	0.790	0.411	0.219	0.591	0.260	0.637	0.461	1
	TDS	0.867^*	0.753	0.912^*	0.916^*	0.651	0.918^**	0.943^**	0.679	0.531	1
	pH	0.225	0.369	-0.508	-0.040	0.562	-0.255	-0.374	0.438	0.074	-0.129	1

Tab. 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Tab. 3

Fig. 8

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An assessment of groundwater, surface water, and hydrochemical characteristics in the upper valley of the Bortala River

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类型	乡镇	编号	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	类别	乡镇	编号	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	类别
机井水	扎勒木特乡	G1	0.28	0.46	0.14	0.07	0.05	Ⅱ	查干屯格乡	G5	0.13	0.15	0.26	0.41	0.05	Ⅳ
		G2	0.28	0.29	0.26	0.10	0.07	Ⅱ		G8	0.20	0.16	0.16	0.24	0.24	Ⅳ
		G4	0.56	0.22	0.13	0.06	0.04	Ⅰ		G9	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.27	0.44	Ⅴ
	昆得仑牧场	G3	0.34	0.15	0.06	0.27	0.18	Ⅰ	塔秀乡	G12	0.50	0.27	0.13	0.05	0.04	Ⅰ
		G6	0.10	0.10	0.21	0.21	0.39	Ⅴ	塔秀乡	G13	0.22	0.19	0.24	0.23	0.12	Ⅲ
		G7	0.14	0.14	0.16	0.27	0.30	Ⅴ	呼和托哈种畜场	G16	0.22	0.19	0.40	0.11	0.07	Ⅲ
	哈日布呼镇	G10	0.20	0.17	0.55	0.05	0.03	Ⅲ		G17	0.18	0.15	0.13	0.47	0.07	Ⅳ
	哈日布呼镇	G11	0.26	0.16	0.45	0.08	0.05	Ⅲ		G18	0.22	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.25	Ⅴ
	安格里格镇	G14	0.23	0.20	0.19	0.17	0.20	Ⅰ		G19	0.31	0.38	0.18	0.08	0.06	Ⅱ
		G15	0.19	0.16	0.15	0.42	0.09	Ⅳ		G20	0.24	0.22	0.37	0.10	0.07	Ⅲ
		G21	0.29	0.46	0.14	0.07	0.05	Ⅱ		G23	0.60	0.18	0.12	0.06	0.04	Ⅰ
		G22	0.21	0.13	0.56	0.06	0.04	Ⅲ
泉水	扎勒木特乡	Q1	0.16	0.51	0.23	0.06	0.04	Ⅱ	塔秀乡	Q4	0.19	0.16	0.15	0.33	0.17	Ⅳ
	查干屯格乡	Q2	0.23	0.20	0.22	0.25	0.10	Ⅳ	呼和托哈种畜场	Q5	0.31	0.38	0.18	0.08	0.06	Ⅱ
	查干屯格乡	Q3	0.31	0.38	0.19	0.07	0.05	Ⅱ	呼和托哈种畜场	Q6	0.25	0.24	0.34	0.10	0.07	Ⅲ

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