1991—2021年内蒙古降水酸碱度时空变化特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.04.04

Abstract

Abstract:

This study was established to understand the evolution of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia since the 1990s, using the observation data of acid rain stations in Inner Mongolia, as well as meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutant concentration data, along with statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and factors influencing precipitation pH, and the frequencies of acid rain and alkali rain. The threshold of alkali rain refers to acid rain, which is defined as precipitation with pH >8.4. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Owing to the soil pH in Inner Mongolia mostly being alkaline and there being a strong buffering effect of wind sand, the proportion of alkaline precipitation is higher than that of acidic precipitation in most of Inner Mongolia, while the proportion of acidic precipitation is higher in Manzhouli in the northeast. The occurrence of acid rain and alkali rain accounted for 1.1% and 3.6%, respectively, having a low probability of occurrence. (2) The spatial distribution of the pH of precipitation shows the following order: central > western > eastern. The average annual precipitation pH range of the Inner Mongolia acid rain stations in the studied 15 years was 6.2 (Manzhouli) to 7.2 (Xilinhot), reflecting that this is not a highly acid rain-affected region. In the last 5 years, the frequency of acid rain and alkali rain has decreased in most areas, but the frequency of acid rain in Urad Middle Banner and alkali rain in Alxa Left Banner has increased significantly. (3) Low pH of precipitation mostly occurs from June to September in the summer flood season, and high pH mostly occurs from April to May in spring and January to February in winter, being closely related to vegetation coverage, precipitation, wind speed and direction, dust, and cold waves, among other factors. In addition, owing to the release of acidic gases such as SO₂ and NO_x from coal burning for heating during cold periods, the pH of precipitation is also low in winter and spring in Hohhot, Tongliao, and other regions with relatively high concentrations of air pollutants.

Key words: precipitation pH value, acid rain, alkali rain, spatial-temporal variation characteristics, Inner Mongolia

HU Yanan, PEI Hao, JIANG Yanfeng, MIAO Bailing, JIA Chengzhen. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2021[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 552-562.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Tab. 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

References 31

[1]	Ali S R, Kulp J, Trisko E M, et al. Impacts of acid rain on environment[J]. An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 2021, 11(12): doi:10.5958/2249-7137.2021.02669.0. doi: 10.5958/2249-7137.2021.02669.0
[2]	Tripathi A D, Xjui B O E D B, Gould R, et al. Environmental impact of acid rain: A review[J]. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research, 2021, 10(11): 592-597. doi: 10.5958/2278-4853.2021.01041.7
[3]	Chen Xuan, Shan Xiaoran, Shi Zhaoji, et al. Analysis of the spatio-temporal changes in acid rain and their causes in China (1998-2018)[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2021, 12(5): 593-599.
[4]	陈璇, 章家恩, 向慧敏, 等. 2008—2018年广东省酸雨的变化趋势研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(6): 1198-1204. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.06.016
	[Chen Xuan, Zhang Jia’en, Xiang Huimin, et al. Study on the changing trend of acid rain in Guangdong Province from 2008 to 2018[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(6): 1198-1204.] doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.06.016
[5]	中华人民共和国生态环境部. 2020年中国生态环境状况公报[M]. 北京: 中华人民共和国生态环境部, 2021: 18-19.
	[Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Communique on the State of China’s Ecological Environment 2020[M]. Beijing: Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, 2021: 18-19.]
[6]	徐菲菲, 徐赫, 熊世为, 等. 1992—2018年合肥市酸雨变化特征及突变分析[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2020, 43(S1): 86-90.
	[Xu Feifei, Xu He, Xiong Shiwei, et al. The characteristic and abrupt change analysis of acid rain in Hefei during 1992-2018[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 43(S1): 86-90.]
[7]	张良玉, 魏丽欣, 赵春雷, 等. 2012—2017年京津冀区域酸雨变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2019, 35(4): 47-54.
	[Zhang Liangyu, Wei Lixin, Zhao Chunlei, et al. Characteristics of acid rain in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2012 to 2017[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2019, 35(4): 47-54.]
[8]	牛彧文, 浦静姣, 邓芳萍, 等. 1992—2012年浙江省酸雨变化特征及成因分析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2017, 33(6): 55-62.
	[Niu Yuwen, Pu Jingjiao, Deng Fangping, et al. Analysis on spatial and temporal evolution of acid rain and its causes from 1992 to 2012 in Zhejiang[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2017, 33(6): 55-62.]
[9]	程龙, 董昊, 刘阳, 等. 2008—2018年黄山市酸雨污染特征变化趋势分析[J]. 中国环境监测, 2020, 36(4): 89-95.
	[Cheng Long, Dong Hao, Liu Yang, et al. Analysis on the trend of acid rain pollution characteristics from 2008 to 2018 in Huangshan City[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2020, 36(4): 89-95.]
[10]	郑秋萍, 王宏, 陈彬彬, 等. 1992—2012年福州市和厦门市酸雨变化特征及影响因素[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(10): 3644-3650.
	[Zheng Qiuping, Wang Hong, Chen Binbin, et al. Characteristics and the impact factors of acid rain in Fuzhou and Xiamen 1992-2012[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(10): 3644-3650.]
[11]	郭雅思, 于奭, 黎泳珊, 等. 桂林市酸雨变化特征及来源分析[J]. 环境科学, 2016, 37(8): 2897-2905.
	[Guo Yasi, Yu Shi, Li Yongshan, et al. Chemical characteristics and source of acid precipitation in Guilin[J]. Environmental Science, 2016, 37(8): 2897-2905.]
[12]	陈虹颖, 赵新锋, 何志东, 等. 2000—2016年珠海市酸雨变化特征及酸雨概念模型[J]. 环境科学学报, 2020, 40(6): 1998-2006.
	[Chen Hongying, Zhao Xinfeng, He Zhidong, et al. Variation characteristics and concept model of acid rain in Zhuhai City during 2000-2016[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2020, 40(6): 1998-2006.]
[13]	张静静. 土壤酸碱度调控对内蒙古草原植被群落及养分特征的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2020.
	[Zhang Jingjing. Effects of Soil pH Control on Vegetation Community and Its Nutrient Characteristics in Inner Mongolia’s Grasslands[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2020.]
[14]	张宝贵, 杜建双, 李卫敏, 等. 秦皇岛降水酸碱性及其对环境的影响[J]. 中国环境管理干部学院学报, 2019, 29(6): 73-77.
	[Zhang Baogui, Du Jianshuang, Li Weimin, et al. Acidity and alkalinity of precipitation in Qinhuangdao and its impact on environment[J]. Journal of EMCC, 2019, 29(6): 73-77.]
[15]	内蒙古自治区土壤普查办公室. 内蒙古土壤[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994: 566-567.
	[Soil Census Office of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Inner Mongolia Soil[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994: 566-567.]
[16]	高登好, 何南屏, 郑云华. 开远地区的弱碱雨原因初探[J]. 云南环保, 1990(2): 27-29.
	[Gao Denghao, He Nanping, Zheng Yunhua. Causes of weak alkali rain in Kaiyuan area[J]. Yunnan Environmental Protection, 1990(2): 27-29.]
[17]	刘安娜. 干旱区降水酸碱度变化及其影响因素分析—以石河子市为例[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(4): 86-89.
	[Liu Anna. Analysis of pH value in precipitation and the correlative factors in Shihezi[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resource and Environment, 2010, 24(4): 86-89.]
[18]	Zhang Guozheng, Liu Duanyang, He Xiaohong, et al. Acid rain in Jiangsu province, eastern China: Tempo-spatial variations features and analysis[J]. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 2017, 8(6): 1031-1043. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2017.02.001
[19]	Qu Rui, Han Guilin. A critical review of the variation in rainwater acidity in 24 Chinese cities during 1982-2018[J]. Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, 2021, 9(1): 00142. doi: 10.1525/elementa.2021.00142
[20]	杨淑娴, 张荣良, 姚素兰. 内蒙古西部酸雨的监测和分析[J]. 气象, 1988, 14(10): 39-43.
	[Yang Shuxian, Zhang Rongliang, Yao Sulan. Monitoring and analysis of acid rain in western Inner Mongolia[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 1988, 14(10): 39-43.]
[21]	李瑞青, 宋桂英, 迎春. 近60 a内蒙古夏季气候变化特征及其对厄尔尼诺的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1601-1613.
	[Li Ruiqing, Song Guiying, Yin Chun. Characteristics of summer climate change and its response to El Niño in Inner Mongolia during the past 60 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1601-1613.]
[22]	苏春利, 纪倩楠, 陶彦臻, 等. 河套灌区西部土壤盐渍化分异特征及其主控因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 916-923.
	[Su Chunli, Ji Qiannan, Tao Yanzhen, et al. Differentiation characteristics and main influencing factors of soil salinization in the West of Hetao Irrigation Area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 916-923.]
[23]	王静爱. 中国地理图集[M]. 北京: 中国地图出版社, 2009: 47-48.
	[Wang Jing’ai. Geographic Atlas of China[M]. Beijing: SinoMaps Press, 2009: 47-48.]
[24]	GB/T 19117-2017. 酸雨观测规范[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2017.
	[GB/T 19117-2017. Specifications for Acid Rain Monitoring[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017.]
[25]	刘瑞翔, 陈飞, 刘端阳, 等. 连云港酸雨变化特征及其影响因子分析[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2020, 42(1): 84-88.
	[Liu Ruixiang, Chen Fei, Liu Duanyang, et al. Analysis on characteristics and impact factors of acid rain in Lianyungang[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2020, 42(1): 84-88.]
[26]	杜肖肖, 张立清, 梁海霞. 东营市空气质量指数和酸雨的变化特征及相关性分析[J]. 环境工程技术学报, 2021, 11(1): 33-40.
	[Du Xiaoxiao, Zhang Liqing, Liang Haixia. Variation characteristics and correlation analysis of air quality index and acid rain in Dongying City[J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology, 2021, 11(1): 33-40.]
[27]	QX/T 372-2017. 酸雨和酸雨区等级[S]. 北京: 气象出版社, 2017.
	[QX/T 372-2017. Grades of Acid Rain and Acid Rain Area[S]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2017.]
[28]	Zeng Jie, Han Guilin, Wu Qixin, et al. Effects of agricultural alkaline substances on reducing the rainwater acidification: Insight from chemical compositions and calcium isotopes in a karst forests area[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2020, C(290): 106782.
[29]	Wu Dan, Wang Shigong, Xia Junrong, et al. The influence of dust events on precipitation acidity in China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2013, 79: 138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.016
[30]	郭茵, 雷加强, 范敬龙, 等. 近20 a蒙古国土壤风蚀变化特征及主要影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1200-1211.
	[Guo Yin, Lei Jiaqiang, Fan Jinglong, et al. Soil wind erosion characteristics and main influencing factors in Mongolia in recent 20 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1200-1211.]
[31]	刘玉彻, 杨洪斌, 邹旭东, 等. 2005—2012年沈阳地区降水酸碱度变化特征研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(S2): 116-119.
	[Liu Yuche, Yang Hongbin, Zou Xudong, et al. Shenyang area 2005-2012 precipitation pH variation research[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2015, 38(S2): 116-119.]

土壤区划	土壤类型	酸雨观测站
东部湿润、半湿润土壤区	寒棕壤、暗棕壤、黑土带	乌兰浩特、通辽
蒙新干旱、半干旱土壤区	黑钙土、栗钙土、黑垆土带	呼和浩特、朱日和、锡林浩特、满洲里
	灰钙土、棕钙土带	乌拉特中旗
	灰漠土带	阿拉善左旗

地区	酸雨站	数据资料观测时间/年-月	通过校验数据样本量	未通过校验数据样本量
东部	满洲里	2006-07—2021-12	624	2
	乌兰浩特	2006-07—2021-12	771	3
	通辽	2007-01—2021-12	628	1
中部	锡林浩特	2006-07—2021-12	711	0
	朱日和	1991-05—2021-12	947	7
	呼和浩特	1992-01—2021-12	1308	0
西部	乌拉特中旗	2006-07—2021-12	465	1
西部	阿拉善左旗	1992-01—2021-12	965	0

级别	酸雨频率
酸雨偶发	F<5%
酸雨少发	5%<F≤ 20%
酸雨多发	20%<F≤ 50%
酸雨频发	50%<F≤ 80%
酸雨高发	F>80%

站名	平均气温/℃	平均相对湿度/%	平均年降水量/mm	平均风速 /(m?s^-1)	平均日最大风速/(m?s^-1)	平均年大风日数/d	平均年沙尘日数/d	平均SO₂浓度 /(μg?m^-3)	平均NO₂浓度 /(μg?m^-3)
阿拉善左旗	9.3	37	230	2.0	5.4	5	18	9.1	10.0
乌拉特中旗	6.6	45	237	2.6	6.7	15	9	-	-
呼和浩特	7.6	47	411	2.8	5.9	29	11	16.8	36.0
朱日和	6.1	46	205	4.5	8.9	50	13	-	-
锡林浩特	3.6	54	290	3.3	7.2	24	12	15.1	12.3
通辽市	7.8	53	391	2.7	6.2	5	4	11.8	20.0
乌兰浩特	6.2	49	463	2.3	5.8	10	2	6.4	14.2
满洲里	-0.2	60	272	4.1	7.9	32	3	-	-

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2021

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Like

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 31

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

[1]	YI Nana, SU Lijuan, ZHENG Xucheng, XIN Yue, CAI Min, LI Hui, JIN Yuchen. Environmental parameters and forecast models of hail events [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(1): 13-23.
[2]	DANG Hui, RONG Lihua, LI Yitong, ZHAO Mingjun. Spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of production-living-ecological spaces in the farming-pastoral ecotone: Taking Hohhot of Inner Mongolia as an example [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1698-1706.
[3]	HUANG Xiaolu,LI Ruiqing,LI Linhui,LIN Hongjie,YAO Lebao. Various characteristics of the mesoscale convection system of a convective rainstorm in the Hetao area of Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1728-1738.
[4]	ZHANG Haochen,SA Chula,MENG Fanhao,LUO Min,WANG Mulan,GAO Hongdou,ADIYA Saruulzaya. Dynamic changes and driving factors of the surface freeze-thaw index in Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(6): 1996-2008.
[5]	GAO Xiaoyu,TANG Pengcheng,ZHANG Sha,QU Zhongyi,YANG Wei. Drought characteristics and regression models of drought characteristics and response factors of various climatic areas in Inner Mongolia during main crop growing season [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1410-1427.
[6]	YU Shuiyan,BI Lige,SU Lijuan,LIU Jidong,SHI Jinli,YI Na’na,FAN Ruxia,XU Zhili. Movement paths and characteristics of hail clouds in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1047-1055.
[7]	LI Ruiqing,SONG Guiying,YIN Chun. Characteristics of summer climate change and its response to El Niño in Inner Mongolia during the past 60 years [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1601-1613.
[8]	ZOU Lei,YU Jiangyou,WANG Feiyu,ZHANG Yan. Spatial-temporal variations of extreme precipitation indices and their response to atmospheric circulation factors in the Weihe River Basin [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 764-774.
[9]	ZHOU Liying,LI Ruiping,MIAO Qingfeng,DOU Xu,TIAN Feng,YU Dandan,SUN Chenyun. Characteristics of salinization and fertility of saline-alkali soil adjacent to drainage ditch in Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 114-122.
[10]	CHEN Zhi-qing, SHAO Tian-jie, ZHAO Jing-bo, CAO Jun-ji, YUE Da-peng. Spatial-temporal differentiation of near-surface ozone concentration and dominant meteorological factors in Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(6): 1504-1512.
[11]	SHEN Lu-ting, ZHANG Fang-min, HUANG Jin, LI Yun-peng. Climate characteristics of day and night precipitation during the growing season in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2018 [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(6): 1519-1527.
[12]	LI Xiangyun, YUE Ping, CHENG Huan, GUO Xinxin, ZHAO Shenglong, ZHANG Senxi, WANG Shaokun, ZUO Xiaoan. Biomass prediction model for Reaumuria soongorica in the Urat desert steppe in Inner Mongolia [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(2): 462-469.
[13]	MA Ai-hua, YUE Da-peng, ZHAO Jing-bo, HU Qian. Spatiotemporal Variation and Effect of Extreme Precipitation in Inner Mongolia in Recent 60 Years [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 74-85.
[14]	ZHAO Sheng-long, ZUO Xiao-an, ZHANG Tong-hui, LYU Peng, YUE Ping, ZHANG Jing. Response of relationship between community species diversity and aboveground biomass to grazing intensity in the Urat desert steppe in north China [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2020, 37(1): 168-177.
[15]	XU Ran, ZHANG Sheng-wei, ZHU Zhong-yuan, ZHANG Peng, GAO Lu. Response of Soil Moisture Content to Rainfall Patterns in Typical Steppe under Grazing Prohibition [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(6): 1359-1367.