1991—2021年内蒙古降水酸碱度时空变化特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.04.04

Abstract

Abstract:

This study was established to understand the evolution of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia since the 1990s, using the observation data of acid rain stations in Inner Mongolia, as well as meteorological elements and atmospheric pollutant concentration data, along with statistical analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and factors influencing precipitation pH, and the frequencies of acid rain and alkali rain. The threshold of alkali rain refers to acid rain, which is defined as precipitation with pH >8.4. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Owing to the soil pH in Inner Mongolia mostly being alkaline and there being a strong buffering effect of wind sand, the proportion of alkaline precipitation is higher than that of acidic precipitation in most of Inner Mongolia, while the proportion of acidic precipitation is higher in Manzhouli in the northeast. The occurrence of acid rain and alkali rain accounted for 1.1% and 3.6%, respectively, having a low probability of occurrence. (2) The spatial distribution of the pH of precipitation shows the following order: central > western > eastern. The average annual precipitation pH range of the Inner Mongolia acid rain stations in the studied 15 years was 6.2 (Manzhouli) to 7.2 (Xilinhot), reflecting that this is not a highly acid rain-affected region. In the last 5 years, the frequency of acid rain and alkali rain has decreased in most areas, but the frequency of acid rain in Urad Middle Banner and alkali rain in Alxa Left Banner has increased significantly. (3) Low pH of precipitation mostly occurs from June to September in the summer flood season, and high pH mostly occurs from April to May in spring and January to February in winter, being closely related to vegetation coverage, precipitation, wind speed and direction, dust, and cold waves, among other factors. In addition, owing to the release of acidic gases such as SO₂ and NO_x from coal burning for heating during cold periods, the pH of precipitation is also low in winter and spring in Hohhot, Tongliao, and other regions with relatively high concentrations of air pollutants.

Key words: precipitation pH value, acid rain, alkali rain, spatial-temporal variation characteristics, Inner Mongolia

HU Yanan, PEI Hao, JIANG Yanfeng, MIAO Bailing, JIA Chengzhen. Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2021[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(4): 552-562.

Figures/Tables 11

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土壤区划	土壤类型	酸雨观测站
东部湿润、半湿润土壤区	寒棕壤、暗棕壤、黑土带	乌兰浩特、通辽
蒙新干旱、半干旱土壤区	黑钙土、栗钙土、黑垆土带	呼和浩特、朱日和、锡林浩特、满洲里
	灰钙土、棕钙土带	乌拉特中旗
	灰漠土带	阿拉善左旗

地区	酸雨站	数据资料观测时间/年-月	通过校验数据样本量	未通过校验数据样本量
东部	满洲里	2006-07—2021-12	624	2
	乌兰浩特	2006-07—2021-12	771	3
	通辽	2007-01—2021-12	628	1
中部	锡林浩特	2006-07—2021-12	711	0
	朱日和	1991-05—2021-12	947	7
	呼和浩特	1992-01—2021-12	1308	0
西部	乌拉特中旗	2006-07—2021-12	465	1
西部	阿拉善左旗	1992-01—2021-12	965	0

级别	酸雨频率
酸雨偶发	F<5%
酸雨少发	5%<F≤ 20%
酸雨多发	20%<F≤ 50%
酸雨频发	50%<F≤ 80%
酸雨高发	F>80%

站名	平均气温/℃	平均相对湿度/%	平均年降水量/mm	平均风速 /(m?s^-1)	平均日最大风速/(m?s^-1)	平均年大风日数/d	平均年沙尘日数/d	平均SO₂浓度 /(μg?m^-3)	平均NO₂浓度 /(μg?m^-3)
阿拉善左旗	9.3	37	230	2.0	5.4	5	18	9.1	10.0
乌拉特中旗	6.6	45	237	2.6	6.7	15	9	-	-
呼和浩特	7.6	47	411	2.8	5.9	29	11	16.8	36.0
朱日和	6.1	46	205	4.5	8.9	50	13	-	-
锡林浩特	3.6	54	290	3.3	7.2	24	12	15.1	12.3
通辽市	7.8	53	391	2.7	6.2	5	4	11.8	20.0
乌兰浩特	6.2	49	463	2.3	5.8	10	2	6.4	14.2
满洲里	-0.2	60	272	4.1	7.9	32	3	-	-

Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of precipitation pH in Inner Mongolia from 1991 to 2021

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