伊犁河谷西部土地植被覆盖演化及驱动力分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.26

Abstract

Abstract:

Sixteen satellite-image data of the study area were selected from 2001 to 2016 as the data source to reveal the driving factors of land vegetation cover evolution in the western part of the Ili River Valley. Based on “3S” technology, image classification, superposition analysis, statistical analysis, and other methods were used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of land vegetation cover in the study area. A geographical detector model was also used to explore the main driving force of land use and vegetation cover evolution quantitatively. The results showed that in the past 16 years, the total area of bare land, grassland, woodland, and cultivated land accounts for 87% of the total area, which constituted the basic regional land-use pattern. Construction land continued to increase, and the area of glacier, sandy land, and water continued to decrease. In the past 16 years, the vegetation in the study area steadily evolved. The area of low vegetation coverage decreased by approximately 1333 km², and the area of high vegetation coverage increased by 1020 km². Overall, the vegetation cover changed from low and medium level to high and high level. The evolution of land vegetation cover in the study area was affected by both natural and human factors. Rainfall, temperature, population, GDP, and elevation were the main factors of evolution. Besides, some factors had significant differences in land cover, and there is a two-factor synergistic enhancement phenomenon. Meteorological factors were the primary driving force of regional land vegetation cover evolution, and human activities were the secondary driving force.

Key words: evolution, driving factor, land use type, vegetation cover, geographical detector, western Ili River Valley

WEN Guangchao,ZHAO Meijuan,XIE Hongbo,ZHANG Yi,ZHANG Juan. Analysis of land vegetation cover evolution and driving forces in the western part of the Ili River Valley[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 843-854.

Figures/Tables 17

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References 31

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数据名称	数据来源	空间分辨率	时间分辨率	备注
Landsat数据	美国地质调查局(http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/)	30 m×30 m	16 d	2001、2006、2011、2016年8—9月共16景
DEM数据	地理空间数据云(http://www.gscloud.cn/)	90 m	16 d	若干幅DEM数据
气象数据	中国气象数据分享平台(http://www.cma.gov.cn/)	-	-	2001—2016年逐月气象数据
人口、经济等数据	《伊犁哈萨克自治州统计年鉴》	-	1 a	2001—2016年
水文地质数据	伊犁河谷西部平原区1：50000水文地质调查实施方案	-	-	2018年
验证数据	中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心	-	5 a	1:100000土地利用标准分类图

时段	土地类利用型
时段	水域/%	裸地/%	沙地/%	冰川/%	建设用地/%	草地/%	林地/%	耕地/%
2001—2006年	-1.76	0.45	-5.04	-2.60	1.26	-3.18	0.72	4.94
2006—2011年	-1.53	-4.70	-1.36	-3.27	0.92	-0.75	1.53	5.83
2011—2016年	-4.02	-4.55	-0.89	-4.29	5.27	4.42	-1.13	5.35

年份	植被覆盖度分级
年份	低/%	较低/%	中度/%	较高/%	高/%
2001	19.13	18.47	13.13	20.45	28.82
2006	16.05	20.64	15.23	19.85	28.23
2011	14.83	16.20	14.40	18.98	35.59
2016	10.27	14.74	18.02	21.37	35.60
2001—2016	15.07	17.51	15.20	20.16	32.06

植被覆盖度变化	面积/km²	占比/%	主要土地利用类型
显著减少	725.07	4.82	水域、冰川、建设用地的中高植被
减少	1766.05	11.74	水域、裸地、稀疏草地、林地
稳定	6602.37	43.89	建设用地、耕地、中高草地
增加	3329.02	22.13	耕地、草地、林地、建设用地低植被
明显增加	2620.49	17.42	耕地、林地

坡度范围	植被覆盖度均值	面积占比/%
0°~5°	0.29	43.46
5°~8°	0.37	12.24
8°~15°	0.47	16.72
15°~25°	0.43	13.90
25°~45°	0.42	13.24
>45°	0.40	0.44

Analysis of land vegetation cover evolution and driving forces in the western part of the Ili River Valley

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水位埋深/m	植被覆盖度	区域划分	植被代表类型
0~2	0.7~0.9	人工生态区农业绿洲;自然生态区沼泽、湿地	玉米、小麦等;野蔷薇、沙棘等灌木;芦苇、芦草等
2~7	0.2~0.4	自然生态区半荒漠、沙漠、盐碱滩地	梭梭、沙拐枣等;白刺、白梭梭、沙蓬;盐蒿、盐角草、碱柴等
>7	<0.05	自然生态区荒漠	梭梭、红柳、琵琶柴等

X∩Y	q（X∩Y）植被	q（X∩Y）土地	交互关系
降雨∩水位埋深	0.628	0.593	双因子协同增强
降雨∩地貌	0.546	0.552	双因子协同增强
气温∩人口	0.498	0.537	双因子协同增强
高程∩坡度	0.473	0.483	双因子协同增强
气温∩GDP	0.451	0.445	双因子协同增强
人口∩高程	0.424	0.416	双因子协同增强

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生境因子	X1	X2	X3	X4	X5	X6	X7
X1
X2	N
X3	Y	Y
X4	Y	N	N
X5	Y	Y	Y	Y
X6	Y	N	N	N	Y
X7	Y	N	N	N	N	Y
X8	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y