人工沙棘林地物种多样性及土壤养分变化——以双龙沟矸石山为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.11.10

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the dynamics of plant species diversity and soil nutrients in artificial Hippophae rhamnoides forests with different restoration years in the Shuanglonggou coal gangue area, this study examined plots restored for 3 a, 6 a, and 11 a, using unrestored gangue wasteland as control. Field vegetation surveys were conducted, soil nutrients were estimated, and plant-soil correlations were analyzed using the space-for-time substitution method. The results showed that: (1) During restoration, 65 plant species from 48 genera and 24 families were recorded, with Asteraceae being the most dominant family. (2) The number of plant individuals increased with restoration time, reaching a maximum of 1234 in the 11 a plot. Species richness, Simpson dominance index, and Margalef richness index increased, reaching the peak values at 34, 0.277, and 3.213, respectively, in the 11a plot, whereas the Pielou evenness index and Shannon diversity index showed overall declining trends. (3) Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, organic matter, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus decreased significantly with soil depth, showing obvious surface aggregation, whereas total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen increased significantly with restoration time. (4) Plant species diversity was closely correlated with soil nutrients; plant individual count was significantly positively correlated with nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and significantly negatively correlated with available phosphorus; and species richness was significantly positively correlated with soil pH, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen. Simpson dominance and Margalef richness indices were significantly positively correlated with total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen. However, Pielou evenness index was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus. This indicated that these soil nutrients were key factors influencing plant species diversity in this region. The study demonstrated that prolonged artificial restoration significantly enhanced plant species diversity and soil nutrient content in the Shuanglonggou gangue area, providing a scientific basis for ecosystem restoration in abandoned mining regions.

Key words: artificial Hippophae rhamnoides forest, plant species diversity, soil nutrient, ecological restoration

WANG Lide, LI Hao, HE Jing, CHEN Sihang, WANG Jingrui, LI Shihan, SI Jingyi. Plant species diversity and soil nutrient alter characteristics of artificial Hippophae rhamnoides forests with different restoration years: A case study of Shuanglonggou Gangue Mountain[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(11): 2071-2082.

Figures/Tables 7

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样地编号	修复年限/a	海拔/m	纬度	经度	群落优势种
CK-1	0	3113	37°22′14″N	102°22′54″E	砾地毛茛（Ranunculus glareosus）、臭蒿（Artemisia hedinii）、车前（Plantago asiatica）、沼生繁缕（Stellaria palustris）
CK-2	0	3050	37°22′17″N	102°22′53″E
CK-3	0	3052	37°22′13″N	102°22′7″E
3 a-1	3	3048	37°22′16″N	102°23′9″E	猪毛蒿（Artemisia scoparia）、蕨麻（Potentilla anserina）、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoide）、垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans）
3 a-2	3	3048	37°22′16″N	102°23′9″E
3 a-3	3	3048	37°22′15″N	102°23′9″E
6 a-1	6	3003	37°22′6″N	102°23′45″E	黄白火绒草（Leontopodium ochroleucum）、草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoide）、银露梅（Potentilla glabra）
6 a-2	6	2966	37°22′49″N	102°23′47″E
6 a-3	6	2663	37°22′7″N	102°23′12″E
11 a-1	11	2959	37°22′18″N	102°23′55″E	垂穗披碱草（Elymus dahuricus ）、金露梅（Dasiphora fruticosa）、沙棘（Hippophae rhamnoide）、早熟禾（Poa annua）
11 a-2	11	2868	37°22′26″N	102°23′23″E
11 a-3	11	2652	37°22′49″N	102°23′15″E

编号	科	属数	占总属数比例/%	物种数	占总物种数比例/%
1	菊科（Asteraceae）	10	20.833	13	20.00
2	蔷薇科（Rosaceae）	5	10.417	10	15.39
3	禾本科（Poaceae）	4	8.333	6	9.231
4	毛茛科（Ranunculaceae）	3	6.25	4	6.154
5	蓼科（Polygonaceae）	3	6.25	3	4.615
6	十字花科（Brassicaceae）	2	4.168	3	4.615
7	石竹科（Caryophyllaceae）	2	4.168	2	3.077
8	唇形科（Lamiaceae）	2	4.168	2	3.077
9	苋科（Amaranthaceae）	2	4.168	3	4.615
10	胡颓子科（Elaeagnaceae）	1	2.083	2	3.077
11	莎草科（Cyperaceae)	1	2.083	2	3.077
12	堇菜科（Violaceae）	1	2.083	2	3.077
13	忍冬科（Caprifoliaceae）	1	2.083	2	3.077
14	车前科（Plantaginaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
15	伞形科（(Apiaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
16	牻牛儿苗科（Geraniaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
17	鸢尾科（Iridaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
18	龙胆科（Gentianaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
19	柳叶菜科（Onagraceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
20	茜草科（Rubiaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
21	通泉草科（Mazaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
22	瑞香科（Thymelaeaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
23	豆科（Fabaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
24	荨麻科（Urticaceae）	1	2.083	1	1.538
合计	24	48	100	65	100

生活型	科		属		种
生活型	数目	占比/%	数目	占比/%	数目	占比/%
一年生草本	9	28.125	14	26.415	16	24.61
多年生草本	18	56.25	31	58.49	41	63.08
灌木	4	12.5	7	13.208	7	10.77
缠绕草质藤本	1	3.125	1	1.887	1	1.54

指标	pH值	全氮	全磷	有机质	硝态氮	铵态氮	速效磷	有效钾
个体数（N）	0.25	0.11	0.55	-0.19	0.72^**	0.73^**	-0.74^**	-0.48
物种数（S）	0.71^**	0.43	0.71^**	0.08	0.81^**	0.76^**	-0.40	-0.42
Shannon多样性指数	0.52	0.30	0.12	0.16	0.06	0.11	0.23	0.30
Pielou均匀度指数	-0.01	0.36	-0.46	0.17	-0.52	-0.52	0.68^*	0.77^**
Simpson优势度指数	0.45	0.37	0.65^*	0.03	0.76^*	0.71^*	-0.44	-0.44
Margalef丰富度指数	0.35	0.53	0.67^*	0.21	0.72^*	0.70^*	-0.14	-0.14

Plant species diversity and soil nutrient alter characteristics of artificial Hippophae rhamnoides forests with different restoration years: A case study of Shuanglonggou Gangue Mountain

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