气候和采矿活动对荒漠化草原露天矿区植被的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.12

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, we aimed to examine the vegetation damage and reclamation status of mining pits and waste dumps in open-pit mines and provide an ecological basis for diagnosing vegetation damage in mining areas and assessing natural and artificial vegetation restoration. Using Sentinel-2 data, we calculated non-red edge vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index) and red edge vegetation indices (Red Edge Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (RENDVI), Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio, Chlorophyll Index red edge, and Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index) as indicators for evaluating ecological restoration. We employed regression analysis, trend analysis, and correlation analysis to assess the impacts of mining activities and climate change on the ecological environment of five open-pit mines (Wulanhada, Jingwei, Wujiata, Langwoqu, and Hongshengyuan) from 2018 to 2021. This approach enabled us to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of change in vegetation across mining pits, waste dumps, and buffer zones. The results revealed the following: (1) The Hongshengyuan open-pit mine had the most severe vegetation damage (k=-0.2996) but had the most effective manual restoration on its waste dump (k=0.1364). (2) A comparison of the 5 km buffer zones around the five open-pit mines indicated that the pixel-by-pixel RENDVI trends predominantly showed degradation, with over 50% of the areas exhibiting signs of decline. (3) In the desertified grassland area, temperature had a more significant impact on vegetation NDVI than temperature. Open-pit mining exacerbates the ecological degradation of desertified grassland vegetation, while artificial restoration of waste dumps is highly effective in improving the ecological conditions of regional vegetation

Key words: desertification grassland, Shendong mining area, open-pit mining, waste dump, vegetation index, ecological restoration

WANG Shiwei, ZHANG Haobin, GUO Wenbing, MA Chao. Effects of climate and mining activities on vegetation in open-pit mining in desertification grassland[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1921-1935.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Vegetation index calculation equations and their corresponding bands"

植被指数	表达式	使用波段	作用	优缺点
NDVI	$ρ 800 - ρ 670 ρ 800 + ρ 670$	B8、B4	通过绿色植物对红光的吸收和对近红光的反射，监测植被生理机能和生长状况	适用范围广，易受土壤背景影响
EVI	$2.5 ρ 800 - ρ 670 ρ 800 + 6 × ρ 670 - 7.5 × ρ 490 + 1$	B8、B4、B2	增强显示波段差异，监测植被生长状况	引入蓝光波段减少大气气溶胶散射的影响，计算复杂
RENDVI	$ρ 730 - ρ 670 ρ 730 + ρ 670$	B6、B4	引入红边波段提高灵敏度，监测植被健康生长状况	引入红边波段抗干扰增强，无法区分植被类型
MSR_RE	$ρ 750 / ρ 705 - 1 ρ 750 / ρ 705 + 1$	B6、B5	利用两个红边波段反射率的比值增加对植被敏感度，监测植被生长的细微变化	引入红边波段增强对叶片生物的敏感性，易受土壤背景物质的影响
CIre	$ρ 800 ρ 705 - 1$	B8、B5	利用红波段与红边波段反射率的比值，监测叶片中叶绿素含量	引入红边波段提高对叶绿素敏感性，对光照条件敏感
TCARI	$3 ρ 700 - ρ 670 - 0.2 ρ 700 - ρ 550 ρ 700 ρ 670$	B5、B4、B3	通过红边、红、绿3个波段反射率的组合，监测叶片中叶绿素含量的变化	引入红边波段提高对叶绿素敏感性，计算较复杂

Tab. 3

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig.7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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研究区	乌兰哈达露天矿	经纬露天矿	武家塔露天矿	狼窝渠露天矿	鸿盛源露天矿
位置	伊金霍洛旗	伊金霍洛旗	伊金霍洛旗	神木市	准格尔旗
采矿坑面积/hm²	119.71	186.16	185.01	0	156.52
排土场面积/hm²	1165.56	274.28	500.76	605.48	400.08
缓冲区面积/hm²	18263.60	13483.79	15415.13	14937.77	14244.35
初采年份	2006年	2008年	1996年	2011年	2014年
开采时长/a	15	13	25	10	7
复垦时长/a	12	11	13	7	4
排土场修复措施	人工修复	人工修复	人工修复	人工修复	人工修复

获取日期/年月-日	卫星	研究区
2018-08-12	Sentinel-2B	经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、CA1
2018-08-22	Sentinel-2B	狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA2
2018-09-21	Sentinel-2B	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA1、CA2
2019-08-17	Sentinel-2B	狼窝渠露天矿、CA2
2019-08-27	Sentinel-2B	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA1
2019-09-26	Sentinel-2B	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA1、CA2
2020-08-01	Sentinel-2B	鸿盛源露天矿、CA2
2020-08-26	Sentinel-2A	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿
2020-09-15	Sentinel-2A	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA1、CA2
2021-08-16	Sentinel-2B	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA1、CA2
2021-09-10	Sentinel-2A	乌兰哈达露天矿、经纬露天矿、武家塔露天矿、狼窝渠露天矿、鸿盛源露天矿、CA2
2021-09-20	Sentinel-2A	CA1

Effects of climate and mining activities on vegetation in open-pit mining in desertification grassland

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