绿洲-沙漠过渡带植被覆盖动态变化及其驱动因素——以新疆策勒为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.19

Abstract

Abstract:

The oasis-desert ecotone is an ecological buffer zone between the oasis and desert ecosystems,playing an important ecological role in maintaining oasis stability, preventing wind, and fixing sand. Based on Landsat remote sensing image data taken from 1993 to 2017, and meteorological and socioeconomic data, we used the normalized vegetation index (NDVI), the pixel dichotomy model, and the principal component analysis method to investigate long-term vegetation changes and their driving factors in small-scale regions. The results show that (1) the average annual NDVI of the Cele oasis-desert ecotone has been increasing yearly in the last 25 years. The high-value area of the NDVI is mainly distributed in the southeast, whereas the low-value area is mainly distributed in the west and northwest of study area; (2) the annual mean fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) was 0.23, and the FVC in 1993, 1998, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017 were 0.20, 0.18, 0.19, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.28, respectively, indicating that vegetation coverage has continuously improved; (3) regional vegetation coverage was mainly medium and low, accounting for 30.73% and 21.47% of the total area of the study area, respectively. Low, high, higher, and very low vegetation coverage accounted for 21.48%, 20.39%, 20.12%, and 7.26% of the total study area, respectively. The areas with improved vegetation coverage were relatively small and mainly concentrated in the middle and southeast of the Cele River basin, whereas the distribution of other vegetation cover types was scattered; and (4) on the interannual timescale, human activities are the dominant factor affecting vegetation change in the oasis-desert ecotone, and vegetation is more sensitive to precipitation than to air temperature. Artificially forested land, cultivated land, populated areas, and shelter belt areas accounted for 0.850, 0.810, 0.853, and 0.779 of the first principal component, respectively. Atmospheric relative humidity, precipitation, and livestock inventory accounted for 0.845, 0.753, and -0.608 of the second principal component, respectively, but air temperature accounted for 0.883 of the third principal component. This study provides a theoretical basis to further understand vegetation change, the analysis of influencing factors, and vegetation conservation and restoration in the oasis-desert ecotone.

Key words: normalized difference vegetation index, vegetation coverage, oasis-desert ecotone, influencing factors, principal component analysis

CAO Yongxiang,MAO Donglei,Xue Jie,SU Songling,Kaimaierguli Abulaiti,CAI Fuyan. Dynamic changes and driving factors of vegetation cover in the oasis-desert ecotone: A case study of Cele, Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 510-521.

Figures/Tables 10

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覆盖等级	1993年		1998年		2008年		2011年		2014年		2017年
覆盖等级	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
极低覆盖	7.95	9.04	4.85	5.52	5.70	6.48	7.51	8.54	5.31	6.04	6.96	7.91
低覆盖	16.04	18.25	19.10	21.74	20.16	22.94	18.71	21.29	20.41	23.22	18.77	21.36
中等覆盖	27.32	31.09	28.17	32.06	26.50	30.16	26.14	29.74	26.96	30.67	26.94	30.65
较高覆盖	18.78	21.37	17.90	20.36	17.76	20.21	17.95	20.42	17.48	19.89	17.60	20.03
高覆盖	17.79	20.25	17.86	20.32	17.76	20.20	17.59	20.01	17.42	20.17	17.61	20.04

变化程度	值域范围	1993—1998年		1998—2008年		2008—2011年		2011—2014年		2014—2017年		1993—2017年
变化程度	值域范围	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
明显变差	D<-1.5	1.82	2.07	1.07	1.22	0.87	0.90	0.09	0.09	1.73	1.97	3.49	3.97
轻微变差	-1.≤D<-0.5	14.10	16.05	18.94	21.55	15.17	17.26	17.97	20.44	15.10	17.18	22.77	25.91
基本不变	-0.5≤D<0.5	53.37	60.73	52.46	59.70	60.30	68.61	54.73	62.27	56.00	63.72	41.28	46.97
轻微变好	0.5≤D<2.5	17.24	19.61	13.47	15.33	9.79	11.14	9.86	11.21	13.41	15.26	15.35	17.46
明显变好	D≥2.5	1.35	1.54	1.94	2.21	1.76	2.00	3.43	3.90	1.65	1.88	5.00	5.69

要素指标	降水量	气温	大气相对湿度	人口	耕地面积	造林面积	防护林面积	牲畜存栏数
降水量	1.000
气温	0.440	1.000
大气相对湿度	0.512	-0.361	1.000
人口数量	0.181	0.128	-0.437	1.000
耕地面积	0.279	0.310	-0.347	0.773	1.000
造林面积	0.482	0.012	0.038	0.592	0.542	1.000
防护林面积	0.294	0.119	-0.143	0.419	0.483	0.897	1.000
牲畜存栏数	-0.123	0.005	-0.439	0.551	-0.061	0.223	0.075	1.000

主成分	特征值	贡献率/%	累积率/%
第一主成分	3.251	40.634	40.634
第二主成分	1.901	23.760	64.394
第三主成分	1.268	15.851	80.245

变量	第一主成分	第二主成分	第三主成分
造林面积	0.850	0.325	-0.374
耕地面积	0.810	0.001	0.225
人口数量	0.853	-0.312	-0.099
防护林面积	0.779	0.232	-0.252
大气相对湿度	-0.352	0.845	-0.280
降水量	0.421	0.753	0.260
牲畜存栏数	0.344	-0.608	-0.281
气温	0.345	0.017	0.883

Dynamic changes and driving factors of vegetation cover in the oasis-desert ecotone: A case study of Cele, Xinjiang

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