哈密市戈壁表层土壤理化性质及质量现状

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.07

Abstract

Abstract:

Soil quality is essential for vegetation cover and ecological recovery in Gobi zones. In this study, we analyzed 56 typical soil samples from the Hami Gobi to evaluate soil texture, salinity, and nutrient characteristics using eight indices, including soil moisture content, soil bulk density, pH, total salt content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium. Based on these indices, we constructed a soil quality index (SQI) for a comprehensive soil quality assessment. The results revealed that soil quality in the Hami Gobi region was generally low, characterized by high gravel cover, low moisture content, severe salinization, and nutrient deficiency. The average soil quality in the Yiwu and Barkol regions was slightly higher than in the Yizhou zone, with better soil quality observed in areas where Gobi transitions into other land types. Overall, the SQI ranged from 0.4 to 0.5 across the Hami Gobi region and its subregions, showing a decreasing trend from north to south. This study highlights the urgent need for enhanced environmental protection and sustainable development strategies to copy with the impact of increasing human activities on the ecosystem.

Key words: Gobi, soil nutrients, gravel cover, salinization, soil quality index, Hami City

ZHANG Jiudan, ZHANG Aiguo, JIN Jingyu, LIU Shuaiqi, WU Han, LI Junli. Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils, Hami City, China[J].Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1864-1874.

Figures/Tables 9

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References 34

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土壤指标	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%	养分等级水平
砾石覆盖度/%	0.10	89.70	22.53	27.87	9.25	123.69	-
土壤含水量/%	0.47	10.71	1.95	2.03	1.41	104.25	-
土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）	1.00	2.18	1.64	0.31	1.69	19.06	-
pH	7.64	9.99	8.58	0.48	8.54	5.61	-
总盐/（mg·kg^-1）	0.34	855.00	66.32	169.10	8.31	254.97	-
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	0.87	50.00	5.12	7.11	2.95	138.85	六
全氮/（g·kg^-1）	0.02	3.27	0.34	0.47	0.20	138.75	六
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	0.08	0.87	0.48	0.19	0.45	39.94	四
全钾/（g·kg^-1）	2.70	32.40	22.43	5.00	23.45	22.28	二

指标	区域	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%
砾石覆盖度/%	巴里坤县	2.10	80.50	34.97	26.97	35.15	77.12
	伊吾县	0.20	83.10	41.36	34.19	38.30	82.66
	伊州区	0.10	89.70	15.29	24.17	1.35	158.04
土壤容重/（g·cm^-3）	巴里坤县	1.00	2.14	1.83	0.36	1.94	19.73
	伊吾县	1.28	2.06	1.69	0.29	1.69	16.88
	伊州区	1.01	2.18	1.57	0.29	1.63	18.28

土壤指标	一级	二级	三级	四级	五级	六级
土壤指标	很高	高	中上	中下	低	很低
有机质/（g·kg^-1）	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	6~10	<6
全氮/（g·kg^-1)	>2.00	1.50~2.00	1.00~1.50	0.75~1.00	0.50~0.75	<0.50
全磷/（g·kg^-1）	>1.00	0.80~1.00	0.60~0.80	0.40~0.60	0.20~0.40	<0.20
全钾/（g·kg^-1）	>25	20~25	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5

	土壤含水量	土壤容重	pH	总盐	有机质	全氮	全磷	全钾
土壤含水量	1
土壤容重	-0.50^**	1
pH	-0.47^**	0.32^*	1
总盐	-0.03	-0.52^**	-0.13	1
有机质	0.29^*	-0.26	-0.06	0.09	1
全氮	0.31^*	-0.20	-0.05	-0.01	0.97^**	1
全磷	-0.10	0.33^*	0.02	-0.39^**	0.25	0.33^*	1
全钾	-0.40^**	0.57^**	0.37^**	-0.72^**	0.04	0.10	0.31^*	1

指标名称	PC-1	PC-2	PC-3	PC-4	公因子方差	权重/%
特征根	2.86	2.27	1.17	0.75	-	-
方差解释率/%	35.74	28.32	14.63	9.38	-	-
土壤含水量	-0.65	0.27	-0.53	-0.33	0.88	13.67
土壤容重	0.84	0.02	-0.08	0.16	0.75	9.77
pH	0.54	-0.03	0.65	-0.31	0.80	11.10
总盐	-0.67	-0.34	0.54	0.31	0.95	14.51
有机质	-0.35	0.87	0.30	-0.04	0.97	13.10
全氮	-0.28	0.92	0.23	-0.04	0.98	12.38
全磷	0.37	0.59	-0.19	0.59	0.87	12.95
全钾	0.81	0.36	-0.02	-0.27	0.85	12.53

Physicochemical characteristics and quality assessment of Gobi soils, Hami City, China

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	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	中位数	变异系数C_v/%
全区域	0.20	0.87	0.44	0.09	0.44	20.31
巴里坤县	0.41	0.55	0.46	0.05	0.46	11.27
伊吾县	0.35	0.87	0.50	0.16	0.46	31.81
伊州区	0.20	0.56	0.42	0.07	0.42	16.88

土壤质量指数	<0.4	0.40~0.50	0.50~0.60	≥0.6
土壤质量分级	四	三	二	一
土壤质量水平	低	较低	中	高

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