祁连山南麓夏季不同降水云系雨滴谱特征及其Z-R关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2019年8—9月激光雨滴谱仪观测数据,对祁连山南麓夏季不同降水云系(层状云和对流云)雨滴微物理特征、雨滴谱分布、粒子下落速度及Z-R关系进行分析。结果表明:(1) 祁连山南麓夏季对流云降水雨滴各微物理参量均大于层状云降水,山区对流云发展不同阶段对雨强及雨滴微物理参量的影响较大;(2) Gamma分布更加接近祁连山区夏季实际雨滴谱分布,但M-P分布和Gamma分布均会造成雨滴数浓度的高估;(3) 不同尺度雨滴粒子下落速度不同,对流云降水粒子落速范围略大于相同尺度上的层状云降水,传统粒子下落速度拟合在祁连山区存在明显的低估现象;(4) 祁连山南麓夏季层状云降水Z-R关系为Z=445R^1.50,对流云降水Z-R关系为Z=427R^1.88,使用传统的雷达估测降水方法会造成该地区降水的低估。

关键词: 雨滴谱, 对流云降水, 层状云降水, 微物理特征, 祁连山

Abstract:

The microphysical characteristics, raindrop spectrum distribution, particle falling velocity, and Z-R relationship of the precipitation particle spectrum in different precipitation cloud systems (stratiform cloud and convective cloud) in the southern foothold of Qilian Mountains were analyzed using laser raindrop spectrometer observation data from August to September of 2019. The results show that the microphysical parameters of convective cloud precipitation in summer in the Qilian Mountains were all larger than those of stratiform cloud precipitation, and the different stages of convective cloud development had a substantial influence on the rain intensity and microphysical parameters of raindrops. The actual raindrop distribution in summer was most similar to a Gamma distribution in Qilian Mountain, but both an M-P distribution and Gamma distribution led to the overestimation of raindrop concentration. The falling velocities of raindrops at different scales were different, and at the same scale, the range of particle velocities in convective cloud precipitation was slightly larger than that in stratiform cloud precipitation. The fitting curves of traditional particle velocities were underestimated. The Z-R relationship of summer stratiform cloud precipitation in the Qilian Mountain was Z=445R ^1.50 and that of convective cloud precipitation was Z=427R ^1.88. The traditional radar precipitation estimation method underestimated precipitation in this area.

Key words: raindrop size distribution, convective precipitation, stratiform precipitation, microphysical characteristics, Qilian Mountains

张玉欣,韩辉邦,郭世钰,田建兵,唐文婷. 祁连山南麓夏季不同降水云系雨滴谱特征及其Z-R关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1048-1057.

ZHANG Yuxin,HAN Huibang,GUO Shiyu,TIAN Jianbing,TANG Wentin. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution and its Z-R relationship for different precipitation clouds in summer in the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1048-1057.

图/表 9

图1

表1

图2

图3

图4

表2

M-P分布和Gamma分布拟合参数及相关系数"

分类	M-P分布			Gamma分布
分类	$N 0$	λ	r	$N 0$	λ	μ	r
S	514.73	2.94	0.98	385.06	7.61	-2.49	0.98
C	514.72	2.31	0.89	365.79	7.50	-2.76	0.88

表2

图5

图6

表3

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站点	样本数总数(1 min)	层状云样本数(占比)	对流云样本数(占比)
老龙湾	1275	811(63.6%)	464(36.4%)
讨拉	7523	5284(70.2%)	2239(29.8%)
大拉洞	4562	3885(85.2%)	677(14.8%)
总和	13360	9980(74.7%)	3380(25.3%)

观测站点	Z=aR^b		降水类型	文献来源
观测站点	a	b	降水类型	文献来源
祁连山南麓	445	1.50	层状云	本研究
祁连山南麓	427	1.88	对流云	本研究
黄河上游	461	1.06	积云	[7]
北京	170	1.13	层状云	[9]
北京	544	1.31	对流云	[9]
沈阳	108.9	1.41	层状云	[12]
	136.6	1.43	积层混合云
	149.2	1.46	积雨云
哈尔滨	189.8	1.37	层状云
	192.6	1.38	积层混合云
	227.1	1.45	积雨云
北京	674.91	1.39	强降水	[13]
山东	27.678	0.396	层状云	[27]
	24.586	0.871	积雨云
	25.330	0.866	积层混合云
山西	160	1.32	层状云	[28]
山西	273	1.26	对流云	[28]