近60 a柴达木盆地沙尘天气时空变化特征及其影响因子

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.15

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 1040-1047.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.04.15

近60 a柴达木盆地沙尘天气时空变化特征及其影响因子

陈晶^1,²(),郭晓宁³(),白文娟^2,⁴,文霞^2,⁵,杨延华⁶

1.青海省黄南州气象局,青海同仁 811399
2.青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁 810001
3.青海省气象台,青海西宁 810001
4.青海省海东市气象局,青海平安 810600
5.青海省海西州气象局,青海德令哈 817000
6.青海省气候中心,青海西宁 810001

收稿日期:2019-09-30 修回日期:2020-11-22 出版日期:2021-07-15 发布日期:2021-08-03
通讯作者: 郭晓宁
作者简介:陈晶(1990-),女,工程师,主要从事天气预报及气象服务工作. E-mail: 343867154@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省大气污染防治专项项目(2018015)

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of dust weather in Qaidam Basin in recent 60 years

CHEN Jing^1,²(),GUO Xiaoning³(),BAI Wenjuan^2,⁴,WEN Xia^2,⁵,YANG Yanhua⁶

1. Huangnan Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province, Tongren 811399, Qinghai, China
2. Qinghai Key Laboratory for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
3. Meteorological Station of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
4. Haidong Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province, Ping’an 810600, Qinghai, China
5. Haixi Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province, Delingha 817000, Qinghai, China
6. Climate Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China

Received:2019-09-30 Revised:2020-11-22 Online:2021-07-15 Published:2021-08-03
Contact: Xiaoning GUO

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用柴达木盆地9个代表站58 a的扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴日数和气温、降水、相对湿度等气象要素资料,通过统计学方法、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析等方法,对柴达木盆地沙尘天气(扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴)的时空变化特征及其影响因子进行了分析。结果表明:(1) 58 a来扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴日数整体呈极显著下降趋势,20世纪70年代沙尘天气日数最多,21世纪初期沙尘天气日数最少;(2) 扬沙日数在1997年发生了突变,突变后呈下降趋势;(3) 沙尘暴日数存在10~15 a的长周期和5~7 a的短周期,扬沙日数也存在10~15 a的长周期,浮尘日数无明显周期性;(4) 柴达木盆地沙尘天气的空间分布形态基本以西南多东北少为主;(5) 扬沙、浮尘、沙尘暴日数与气压、大风日数和亚洲区极涡的面积、强度均呈正相关,与气温、西藏高原指数、印缅槽指数和西太平洋副热带高压、印度洋暖池的面积和强度呈负相关。

关键词: 扬沙日数, 浮尘日数, 沙尘暴日数, 时空变化, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

This study analyzes the spatial-temporal variation in sand-dust weather and its influencing factors in Qaidam Basin. Meteorological data on blowing sands, floating dusts, sandstorms, temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity were analyzed for 58 years from nine representative stations in Qaidam Basin using the Mann-Kendall test, wavelet analysis, and other statistical methods. According to the results, the number of days of blowing sands, floating dusts, and sandstorms in the region over the past 58 years has dropped significantly, with the number of days with sand-dust weather being highest in the 1970s and lowest in the 2000s. The number of days of sand-blowing changed abruptly in 1997 and showed a downward trend after the sudden change. The number of sandstorm days had a long period of 10-15 years and a short period of 5-7 years, the number of blowing sand days also had a long period of 10-15 year, and the number of floating dust days had no evident periodicity. There was more sand-dust weather in the southwest of the basin and less in the northeast of the basin. The number of days of blowing sands, floating dusts, and sandstorms were positively correlated with air pressure, gale days, and area and intensity of polar eddies in Asia, and they were negatively correlated with temperature and area and intensity of subtropical highs in the Western Pacific, Tibetan Plateau, Indo-Burma Trough, and Indian Ocean warm pool.

Key words: days of blowing sands, days of floating dusts, days of sandstorm, spatial-temporal variations, Qaidam Basin

陈晶,郭晓宁,白文娟,文霞,杨延华. 近60 a柴达木盆地沙尘天气时空变化特征及其影响因子[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(4): 1040-1047.

CHEN Jing,GUO Xiaoning,BAI Wenjuan,WEN Xia,YANG Yanhua. Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of dust weather in Qaidam Basin in recent 60 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(4): 1040-1047.

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类别	气压/hPa	气温/℃	降水/mm	相对湿度/％	大风日数/d	总云量/％
扬沙日数	0.267^*	-0.398^*	0.035	-0.139	0.693^*	0.23
浮尘日数	0.378^*	-0.591^*	-0.127	-0.131	0.61^*	0.399^*
沙尘暴日数	0.425 ^*	-0.515^*	0.016	-0.261	0.643^*	0.162

类别	西太平洋副热带高压		亚洲区极涡		西藏高原	印缅槽	印度洋暖池
类别	面积	强度	面积	强度	指数	指数	面积	强度
扬沙日数	-0.36^**	-0.58^**	0.45^**	0.53^**	-0.35^**	-0.32^*	-0.59^**	-0.55^**
浮尘日数	-0.51^**	-0.74^**	0.56^**	0.55^**	-0.51^**	-0.55^**	-0.64^**	-0.61^**
沙尘暴日数	-0.47^**	-0.66^**	0.60^**	0.58^**	-0.38^**	-0.47^**	-0.51^**	-0.51^**

近60 a柴达木盆地沙尘天气时空变化特征及其影响因子

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of dust weather in Qaidam Basin in recent 60 years

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类别	1961—1970年代	1971—1980年代	1981—1990年代	1991—2000年代	2001—2010年代
扬沙	4	11	6	-1	-6
浮尘	14	17	6	-2	-4
沙尘暴	2	2	1	0	-1