祁连山北坡一次秋季对流性降水雨滴谱特征分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用Parsivel2激光雨滴谱仪观测数据，分析了祁连山北坡2020年9月21日发生的一次对流性降水天气的雨滴谱特征。结果表明：雨水含量W和降水强度R的时间演变一致，各站点雨滴数浓度N(D)最大时对应雨滴直径D均<1 mm，出现在层状云降水期间。在对流云雨增强至最大阶段，雨滴直径D迅速增大，各站点最大雨滴直径D在2.75~3.75 mm之间。高海拔站总数浓度N_T平均值大于低海拔站，低海拔站质量加权平均直径D_m平均值大于高海拔站。对流云降水D_m显著大于层状云降水且分布相对集中，层状云降水D_m分布有更大谱宽。对流云降水logN_w分布相对集中，层状云降水logN_w分布有更大谱宽。Gamma函数能较好拟合祁连山区对流云和层状云降水平均谱。对流云、层状云µ-λ有很好的拟合关系。D_m-R拟合系数和指数均为正数，D_m随R增强而增大，并在雨强达到一定值后变化有变缓的趋势。层状云降水logN_w随R增强变化较快，对流云降水logN_w随R增大缓慢。业务雷达默认使用的夏季对流云降水和经典大陆性层状云降水Z-R关系对祁连山区对流云、层状云降水估测值偏低。

关键词: 雨滴谱, 数浓度, 质量加权平均直径, Z-R关系, 祁连山

Abstract:

This study analyzed the influence system, characteristics of the raindrop spectrum of a convective precipitation process that occurred on September 21, 2020, in the northern slopes of the Qilian Mountains using upper-air and ground data, Doppler weather radar products, and Parsivel2 laser raindrop spectrometer observation data. Results demonstrated that precipitation was affected by a short-wave trough moving eastward over the plateau and the northern border region. Liquid water content W was consistent with rain rate R, and the corresponding raindrop diameter D was <1 mm when the particle number concentration N(D) was maximum at each site, which occurs during stratiform precipitation. The raindrop diameter increased rapidly during the maximum rain intensity of convective precipitation, with the maximum diameter D being in the range of 2.75-3.75 mm at each site. The mean raindrop number concentration N_T was larger at higher elevation sites than at lower elevation sites, whereas the mean mass weighted average diameter D_m was larger at lower altitude sites than at higher altitude sites. The D_m of convective precipitation was significantly larger than that of stratiform precipitation. The distributions of D_m and logN_w were relatively concentrated for convective precipitation, whereas they showed larger spectral width for stratiform precipitation. The gamma function could better fit the average raindrop spectrum of convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation in the Qilian Mountains. The shape parameter µ and the slope parameter λ of the gamma fitting function satisfied the good fitting relationship in convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation. Positive fitting coefficient and exponent were observed in the relationship of D_m-R. D_m increased with the improvement of R and stabilized after the rain rate reached a certain value. The logN_w of stratiform precipitation changed faster with improvement of R, and the logN_w of convective precipitation increased slowly with improvement of R. The precipitation estimates of convective precipitation and stratiform precipitation were lower in the Qilian Mountains when the default Z-R relationship was used to estimate precipitation in the operational radar application.

Key words: raindrop spectrum, raindrop number concentration, mass weighted average diameter, Z-R relationship, Qilian Mountains

付双喜, 王伏村, 李宝梓, 方春刚, 陈添宇. 祁连山北坡一次秋季对流性降水雨滴谱特征分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(10): 1615-1626.

FU Shuangxi, WANG Fucong, LI Baozi, FANG Chungang, CHEN Tianyu. Raindrop spectral characteristics of an autumn convective precipitation on the north slope of the Qilian Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(10): 1615-1626.

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编号	站名	县	经度	纬度	海拔/m
GS004	永昌	永昌	101.97°E	38.23°N	2093.9
GS006	六坝乡	永昌	102.14°E	38.16°N	1817.0
GS009	临泽	临泽	100.17°E	39.15°N	1453.7
GS010	肃南	肃南	99.62°E	38.83°N	2311.8
W2127	海潮坝水库	民乐	100.65°E	38.39°N	2613.5
W2128	海潮音寺	民乐	100.62°E	38.36°N	2719.5
W2129	卜里沟	民乐	100.67°E	38.40°N	2454.5

站点编号	海拔 /m	R/(mm·h^-1)		Q_w/(g·m^-3)		N_T/m^-3			D_m/mm
站点编号	海拔 /m	最大值	平均值	最大值	平均值	最大值	平均值	中位值	最大值	平均值	中位值
GS004	2093.9	22.65	1.41	1.17	0.09	1502	297	256	2.04	0.94	0.89
GS006	1817.0	20.32	2.15	0.99	0.14	1519	337	295	2.02	0.99	0.98
GS009	1453.7	17.51	1.46	0.87	0.09	2138	308	269	2.16	0.93	0.87
GS010	2311.8	4.09	0.36	0.26	0.03	625	102	77	1.56	0.85	0.83
W2127	2613.5	19.86	1.22	0.86	0.09	1551	412	344	1.91	0.79	0.72
W2128	2719.5	7.95	1.09	0.51	0.08	2012	543	457	1.41	0.76	0.75
W2129	2454.5	21.26	1.38	1.12	0.09	2731	477	343	2.12	0.79	0.68