伊犁河谷西北部地下水化学特征及成因分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究新疆伊犁河谷西北部地下水化学特征及成因,运用数理统计以及Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比图等方法,对2018年伊犁河谷西北部地下水取样监测数据进行分析。结果表明：（1）研究区地下水属于总硬度偏高的弱碱性水,地下水化学组分含量整体变异性不大,主要阳离子为Ca²⁺,主要阴离子为HCO₃^-。（2）地下水水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃·SO₄-Ca、HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg、HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na和HCO₃-Ca·Mg型为主。（3）研究区地下水化学组分主要受岩石溶滤作用控制,蒸发-浓缩作用及阳离子交换作用对地下水化学组分有一定的贡献,个别地下水水样点可能受到人为活动的影响。（4）地下水中的Na⁺、Cl^-和SO₄^2-主要来自岩盐、石膏等蒸发岩的溶解,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺主要来自方解石、白云石和石膏等矿物溶解。

关键词: 伊犁河谷西北部, 地下水, 化学特征, Gibbs图, 离子比, 新疆

Abstract:

：To analyze groundwater genesis and chemical characteristics in Yili River Valley, Xinjiang China, we used descriptive statistical analysis, trilinear chart by Piper, Gibbs diagrams, ion ratio diagrams, and saturation index methods to systematically analyze 35 groundwater samples collected from June to October 2018. Groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline, with a high total hardness level. The chemical components in groundwater showed little variation throughout the study area; Ca²⁺ was the main cation, and HCO₃^- the main anion. The hydrochemical characteristics in the study area can be divided into five groundwater types, HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg, HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na, and HCO₃-Ca·Mg. Although rock lixiviation is the main contributor to groundwater chemical composition, evaporation-concentration and cation exchange also contribute to the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area. Moreover, some groundwater samples might be affected by human activities. Na⁺, Cl^-, and SO₄^2- in groundwater are present due to the dissolution of rock salt, gypsum, and other evaporates; the dissolution of minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and gypsum contributes to Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in groundwater.

Key words: northwest area of Yili River Valley, groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio diagram, Xinjiang

艾力哈木·艾克拉木,周金龙,张杰,魏兴,余东,陈劲松. 伊犁河谷西北部地下水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 504-512.

Ailihamu Aikelamu,ZHOU Jinlong,ZHANG Jie,WEI Xing,YU Dong,CHEN Jinsong. Chemical characteristics and genesis analysis of groundwater in northwest Yili River Valley[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 504-512.

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

参考文献 31

[1]	水利部水资源司. 21世纪初期中国地下水资源开发利用[R]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2004.
	[ Department of Water Resources, Ministry of Water Resources. Development and Utilization of Groundwater Resources in China in the early 21st Century[R]. Beijing: China Water and Power Press, 2004. ]
[2]	史志广. 伊犁河谷西北部平原区地下水功能评价[D]. 三河:防灾科技学院, 2018.
	[ Shi Zhiguang. Evaluation of Groundwater Function in the Northwest Plain of Yili River Valley[D]. Sanhe: Institute of Disaster Prevention, 2018. ]
[3]	赵玮, 何建华, 马金珠. 疏勒河流域玉门-瓜州盆地地下水化学演化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012,32(1):56-64.
	[ Zhao Wei, He Jianhua, Ma Jinzhu. Chemical evolution characteristics of groundwater in Yumen-Guazhou Basin in Shule River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2012,32(1):56-64. ]
[4]	邵跃进, 罗光明, 王建, 等. 新疆克里雅河上游主要离子化学特征及其成因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018,35(5):1021-1029.
	[ Shao Yuejin, Luo Guangming, Wang Jian, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic and formation causes of main ions in water of the Keriya River, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018,35(5):1021-1029. ]
[5]	任孝宗, 李建刚, 刘敏, 等. 浑善达克沙地东部地区天然水体的水化学组成及其控制因素[J]. 干旱区研究2019, 36(4):791-799.
	[ Ren Xiaozong, Li Jiangang, Liu Min, et al. Hydrochemical composition of natural waters and its controlling factors in the East Hunshandak Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019,36(4):791-799. ]
[6]	曾妍妍, 周金龙, 贾瑞亮, 等. 新疆祁漫塔格地区地表水水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2017,31(6):64-70.
	[ Zeng Yanyan, Zhou Jinlong, Jia Ruiliang, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic and causes of surface water in Qimantage area, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2017,31(6):64-70. ]
[7]	孙英, 周金龙, 乃尉华, 等. 新疆喀什噶尔河流域地表水水化学季节变化特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2019,33(8):128-133.
	[ Sun Ying, Zhou Jinlong, Nai Weihua, et al. Seasonal variation characteristic and causes of surface water chemistry in Kashgar River Basin, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2019,33(8):128-133. ]
[8]	Chen Lu, Wang Guangcai, Hu Fusheng, et al. Groundwater hydrochemistry and isotope geochemistry in the Turpan Basin, Northwestern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land, 2014,6(4):378-388.
[9]	洪涛, 谢运球, 喻崎雯, 等. 乌蒙山重点地区地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 地球与环境, 2016,44(1):11-18.
	[ Hong Tao, Xie Yunqiu, Yu Qiwen, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic study and genetic analysis of groundwater in a key region of the Wumeng Mountain, Southwestern China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2016,44(1):11-18. ]
[10]	任孝宗, 刘敏, 张迎珍, 等. 基于Matlab的Durov三线图的实现[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018,41(4):744-750.
	[ Ren Xiaozong, Liu Min, Zhang Yingzhen, et al. Plotting Durov diagram based on Matlab[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2018,41(4):744-750. ]
[11]	段东伟. 伊犁河谷西部平原区地下水形成演化研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2017.
	[ Duan Dongwei. Groundwater Formation and Evolution in the Western Plain of Yili River Valley[D]. Xi’an : Changan University, 2017. ]
[12]	邵杰, 李瑛, 候广才, 等. 新疆伊犁河谷地下水化学特征及其形成作用[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2017,31(4):99-105.
	[ Shao Jie, Li Ying, Hou Guangcai, et al. Chemical characteristic of groundwater in Yili River Valley, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2017,31(4):99-105. ]
[13]	邱余波, 陈虹, 杨军峰, 等. 伊犁盆地阔斯加尔铀成矿区西山窑组古地下水动力系[J]. 现代地质, 2019,33(2):431-439.
	[ Qiu Yubo, Chen Hong, Yang Junfeng, et al. Paleo-ground hydrodynamic system of Xishanyao formation in Kuosjiaer Uranium Metallogenic Area, Yili Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2019,33(2):431-439. ]
[14]	麦麦提吐尔逊·艾则孜, 米热古丽·艾尼瓦尔, 古丽孜巴·艾尼瓦尔, 等. 伊犁绿洲土壤盐渍化与浅层地下水水化学特征[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015,33(5):193-200.
	[ Mamattursun Eziz, Hamid Yimit, Anwar Mohammad, et al. Analysis on soil salinization and hydrochemical characteristic of shallow ground water in Yili Oasis[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2015,33(5):193-200. ]
[15]	邵杰. 新疆伊犁-巩乃斯河谷地下水水循环演化规律研究[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2015.
	[ Shao Jie. Groundwater Circulation and Evolution Pattern in Yili-Gongnaisi Valley of Xinjiang Autonomous Region[D]. Xi’an: Changan University, 2015. ]
[16]	伊犁地区水利电力勘测设计院. 新疆伊犁地区地下水资源[R]. 伊犁: 伊犁地区水利电力勘测设计院, 1990.
	[ Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute of Yili District. Groundwater Resources in Yili District Xinjiang[R]. Yili: Water Conservancy and Electric Power Survey and Design Institute in Yili District, 1990. ]
[17]	伊犁哈萨克自治州计划委员会国土办. 伊犁哈萨克自治州国土资源(上册)[M]. 合肥: 黄山出版社, 1993: 138-161.
	[ Land and Resources Office of the Planning Committee in Yili Kazakh Autonomous prefecture. Land and Resources in Yili Kazakh Autonomous prefecture (the First Volume)[M]. Hefei: Huangshan Press, 1993: 138-161. ]
[18]	Gibbs R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J]. Science, 1970,170(3962):1088-1090. pmid: 17777828
[19]	纪媛媛, 贾瑞亮, 周金龙, 等. 新疆伊犁河谷地地下水质量和污染评价[J]. 节水灌溉, 2014(3):32-37.
	[ Ji Yuanyuan, Jia Ruiliang, Zhou Jinlong, et al. Assessment of groundwater quality and pollution in Yili River Valley, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Water Saving and Irrigation, 2014(3):32-37. ]
[20]	栾凤娇, 周金龙, 贾瑞亮, 等. 新疆巴里坤-伊吾盆地地下水水化学特征及成因[J]. 环境化学, 2017,36(2):380-389.
	[ Luan Fengjiao, Zhou Jinlong, Jia Ruiliang, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic formation mechanism of groundwater in plain area of Barkol-Yiwu Basin, Xinjiang[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2017,36(2):380-389. ]
[21]	魏兴, 周金龙, 乃尉华, 等. 新疆喀什三角洲地下水化学特征与演化规律[J]. 环境科学, 2019,42(9):4041-4052.
	[ Wei Xing, Zhou Jinlong, Nai Weihua, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic and evolution of groundwater in the Kashgar Delta Area in Xinjiang[J]. Environmental Science, 2019,42(9):4041-4052. ]
[22]	Lin Yun, Ren Huaxin, Wu Yazun, et al. The evolution of hydrogeochemical characteristic of a typical piedmont Karst groundwater system in a coal-mining area, Northern China[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2019,78(3):557.
[23]	Marandi A, Shand P. Groundwater chemistry and the Gibbs Diagram[J]. Applied Geochemistry. 2018, 12(97): doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.07.0092.
[24]	钱程, 武雄. 盐池内流区地下水水化学特征及其形成作用[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016,30(3):169-175.
	[ Qian Cheng, Wu Xiong. Hydrochemical characteristic and formation mechanism of groundwater in inner area in Yanchi[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016,30(3):169-175. ]
[25]	Xiao J, Jin Z D, Wang J. et al. Hydrochemical characteristics controling factors and solute sources of groundwater within the Tarim River Basin in the extreme arid region, NW Tibetan Plateau[J]. Quaternary International, 2015, 1(10): doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.021.
[26]	刘江涛, 蔡五田, 曹月婷, 等. 沁河冲洪积扇地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(12):5428-5439.
	[ Liu Jiangtao, Cai Wutian, Cao Yueting, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater and the origin in alluvial-proluvial Fan of Qinhe River[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(12):5428-5439. ]
[27]	Wang L H, Dong Y H, Xu Z F, et al. Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in the Northeastern Tennger Desert, northern China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2017,25(8): doi: 10.1007/s10040-017-1620-2.
[28]	李会亚, 冯起, 陈丽娟, 等. 民勤绿洲灌区地下水水化学特征及其演化驱动机理[J]. 干旱区研究, 2017,34(4):733-740.
	[ Li Huiya, Feng Qi, Chen Lijuan, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic and evolution mechanism of groundwater in the Minqin Oasis[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2017,34(4):733-740. ]
[29]	张涛, 何锦, 李敬杰, 等. 蛤蟆通河流域地下水化学特诊及控制因素[J]. 环境科学, 2018,39(11):4982-4989.
	[ Zhang Tao, He Jing, Li Jingjie, et al. Major ionic features and possible controls in the groundwater in the Hamatong River Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 2018,39(11):4982-4989. ]
[30]	Singh N, Singh R P, Kamal V, et al. Assessment of hydrogeochemistry and the quality of groundwater in 24-Parganas districts, West Bengal[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015,73:375-386.
[31]	王骞迎. 伊犁河谷西部平原区地下水循环模式与可更新速率研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2020.
	[ Wang Qianying. Research on Groundwater Circulation Mode and Renewable Rate in the Western Plain Area of Yili River Valley[D]. Changchun: Jilin University.]

项目	K⁺	Na⁺	K⁺+Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	pH	总硬度	TDS	NO₃^-
最大值	9.01	247.01	251.76	248.89	179.35	267.01	1109.24	523.17	8.10	2920.00	2318.92	26.52
最小值	0.87	3.03	4.10	26.11	6.43	2.82	26.50	60.76	6.90	151.00	111.00	0.84
平均值	2.77	42.43	45.20	79.15	31.32	43.47	154.57	235.32	7.66	604.07	448.73	10.19
中位数	2.35	27.95	31.94	63.78	24.30	35.98	117.77	214.81	7.78	435.00	320.02	3.11
标准差	1.79	45.20	46.14	44.96	30.73	48.83	183.57	103.81	0.37	494.74	387.65	10.42
变异系数	0.65	1.06	1.02	0.57	0.98	1.12	1.19	0.44	0.05	0.82	0.86	1.02

地下水类型	SI值	文石	方解石	白云石	石膏	岩盐	地下水类型	SI值	文石	方解石	白云石	石膏	岩盐
	最大值	0.71	0.86	1.41	-0.51	-5.84		最大值	0.75	0.90	1.74	-1.27	-6.62
	最小值	-0.68	-0.54	-1.28	-2.30	-9.09		最小值	-0.10	0.05	-0.30	-2.25	-9.42
承压水	平均值	0.16	0.31	0.45	-1.57	-7.60	潜水	平均值	0.17	0.32	0.39	-1.71	-7.98
	SI>0占比/%	77.5	82.0	82.0	0.0	0.0		SI>0占比/%	69.6	100.0	62.0	0.0	0.0
	SI<0占比/%	22.5	18.0	18.0	100.0	100.0		SI<0占比/%	30.4	0.0	38.0	100.0	100.0