干旱胁迫下AMF对多枝柽柳幼苗和疏叶骆驼刺根系生长和氮素吸收分配的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.01.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi,AMF）对植物抗旱、养分吸收等有重要作用,但在特定环境胁迫下不同生活型植物对AMF的响应存在差异。本文以塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林的优势灌木多枝柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）和常见半灌木疏叶骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）为研究对象,分析了干旱胁迫处理下（对照组土壤相对含水量为70%±5%、实验组土壤相对含水量为20%±5%）接种AMF（对照组不接菌M^-、实验组接菌M⁺）对多枝柽柳与疏叶骆驼刺混合种植（对照组单一种植）根系生长状况和氮素吸收分配的影响。结果表明：（1）植物遭受干旱胁迫时,多枝柽柳幼苗和疏叶骆驼刺菌根侵染率均降低了,混合种植显著增加了多枝柽柳幼苗的菌根侵染率（P<0.05）;（2）干旱胁迫下,混合种植M⁺处理显著增加了多枝柽柳幼苗的地上、地下生物量;（3）干旱胁迫下,AMF使不同种植模式下两种植物的细根根长和细根表面积均显著增加,使疏叶骆驼刺的比根长显著减小,且混合种植M⁺处理显著减小了多枝柽柳幼苗的细根比根长;（4）相比单一种植,干旱胁迫下AMF显著增加了混合种植多枝柽柳幼苗的氮摄取量和地上部分氮分配比率。因此,AMF对于干旱胁迫下与疏叶骆驼刺混生的多枝柽柳幼苗的生长和氮素吸收具有明显的补偿作用,能够帮助塔里木河下游多枝柽柳幼苗较好地度过生长脆弱期。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 干旱胁迫, 多枝柽柳, 疏叶骆驼刺, 氮素

Abstract:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in plants’ drought resistance and nutrient absorption. We studied the dominant shrub, T. ramosissima, and the common subshrub, Alhagi sparsifolia, in the desert riparian forest in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The inoculation of AMF under drought stress management (CK and S, soil relative water contents of 70% ± 5% and 20% ± 5%) and the single (TR, AS) and mixed planting (TR + AS) modes was analyzed. Also, the effects of inoculation and non-inoculation of AMF on the growth and root characteristics of T. ramosissima and A. sparsifolia were compared. The results showed that (1) under drought stress, the mycorrhizal infection rate of T. ramosissima and A. sparsifolia decreased, and the mycorrhizal infection rate of T. ramosissima seedlings increased significantly under mixed planting. (2) Under drought stress, the under-and aboveground biomass of T. ramosissima seedlings increased significantly under mixed planting. (3) Under drought stress, AM significantly increased the roots’ length and surface area of their fine roots under different planting modes and significantly reduced the specific root length of the A. sparsifolia. Also, the ratio of fine roots to root length of T. ramosissima seedlings under M⁺ treatment was significantly reduced. (4) Compared with single planting, AMF significantly increased the nitrogen intake and distribution ratio in the aboveground part of T. ramosissima seedlings under drought stress. Therefore, AMF has a compensatory effect on the growth and nitrogen absorption of T. ramosissima seedlings mixed with A. sparsifolia under drought stress, which is beneficial for T. ramosissima seedlings in the lower reaches of the Tarim River to survive the fragile growth period.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, drought stress, Tamarix ramosissima, Alhagi sparsifolia, nitrogen

桑钰,高文礼,再努尔·吐尔逊,范雪,马晓东. 干旱胁迫下AMF对多枝柽柳幼苗和疏叶骆驼刺根系生长和氮素吸收分配的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(1): 247-256.

SANG Yu,GAO Wenli,Zainur Tursu,FAN Xue,MA Xiaodong. Effects of drought stress and arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi on root growth, nitrogen absorption, and distribution of two desert riparian plant seedlings[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(1): 247-256.

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因素水平	土壤水分	接菌处理	种植方式
对照组CK	70%±5%	M^-	TR,AS,TR+AS
实验组S	20%±5%	M⁺	TR,AS,TR+AS

种植模式		对照组CK/%	试验组S/%
单一	多枝柽柳	86.4±0.4Aa	33.4±0.6Cb
单一	疏叶骆驼刺	85.7±0.9Aa	65.2±1.3Bb
混合	多枝柽柳	82.7±1.7Aa	48.6±0.6Bb
混合	疏叶骆驼刺	83.4±1.3Aa	25.3±0.9Cc

种植模式		接菌	对照组CK		试验组S
种植模式		接菌	地上/g	地下/g	地上/g	地下/g
单一种植	多枝柽柳	M⁺	0.97±1.4Ba	1.17±0.7Ca	1.11±0.7Bab	0.77±0.2Cc
	多枝柽柳	M^-	0.88±0.2Bb	0.96±0.3Ca	0.93±0.2Ba	0.62±0.7Cc
	疏叶骆驼刺	M⁺	2.30±0.7Ab	7.11±1.6Aa	2.57±1.4Ab	1.82±0.5Ac
	疏叶骆驼刺	M^-	1.83±0.6Ac	5.41±1.8Ba	0.45±0.1Cd	0.79±0.4Cd
混合种植	多枝柽柳	M⁺	0.88±0.3Bb	0.96±0.7Ca	0.62±0.2Cc	0.61±0.4Cc
	多枝柽柳	M^-	0.72±0.2Bbc	0.87±0.5Cb	0.49±0.1Dd	0.32±0.2Dd
	疏叶骆驼刺	M⁺	1.88±0.6Ac	5.54±1.7Ba	1.13±0.7Bc	0.87±0.4Bd
	疏叶骆驼刺	M^-	1.69±0.7Ab	4.67±1.4Ba	0.92±0.2Bcd	0.76±0.2Bd

种植模式		水分处理	粗根长度（d>2 mm）		细根长度（0.5 mm<d<2 mm）
种植模式		水分处理	M⁺	M^-	M⁺	M^-
单一种植	多枝柽柳	CK	14.7±0.7Cab	13.1±0.5Cb	17.9±0.8Ba	15.7±0.5Ca
	多枝柽柳	S	6.3±0.5Dc	5.2±0.3Dc	12.9±0.8Bb	10.4±0.4Cb
	疏叶骆驼刺	CK	23.5±0.2Aa	20.7±0.4Aa	28.7±0.7Aa	22.5±0.5Ba
	疏叶骆驼刺	S	17.3±0.7Bb	15.3±0.4Bb	24.7±0.8Aa	19.9±0.5Bb
混合种植	多枝柽柳	CK	13.9±0.1Cc	12.1±0.4Cc	19.7±0.7Bb	15.9±0.5Cc
	多枝柽柳	S	7.2±0.5Db	6.4±0.6Dc	15.7±0.4Cc	9.7±0.5Dc
	疏叶骆驼刺	CK	22.7±0.6Ab	19.7±0.7Bb	30.1±0.4Aa	19.3±0.7Bb
	疏叶骆驼刺	S	18.2±0.5Bb	13.4±1.2Cc	25.7±0.2Ab	17.6±0.6Cc

种植模式		水分处理	粗根表面积（d>2 mm）		细根表面积（0.5 mm<d<2 mm）
种植模式		水分处理	M⁺	M^-	M⁺	M^-
单一种植	多枝柽柳	CK	147.3±0.7Ba	103.1±0.5Aa	315.24±7.4Ab	304.32±6.4Ab
	多枝柽柳	S	93.5±0.5Cb	75.2±0.3Dc	298.21±6.4Bc	287.14±7.6Cc
	疏叶骆驼刺	CK	205.3±0.2Aa	180.7±0.4Ab	323.13±6.Aab	310.57±7.1Ab
	疏叶骆驼刺	S	173.8±0.7Bc	154.3±0.4Bc	287.56±6.2Ba	273.75±5.4Cb
混合种植	多枝柽柳	CK	109.9±0.1Bc	72.1±0.4Dc	321.13±5.6Aa	310.24±7.3Aab
	多枝柽柳	S	97.2±0.5Cb	66.4±0.6Dc	281.71±4.7Bb	277.81±6.3Bc
	疏叶骆驼刺	CK	112.7±0.6Cb	89.7±0.7Cb	313.45±6.9Aab	297.76±7.3Bab
	疏叶骆驼刺	S	88.2±0.5Db	73.4±1.2Dc	253.14±4.1Cb	236.17±3.8Cb