红砂幼苗生长及根系形态特征对干旱-复水的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物对干旱的适应能力不仅包括干旱胁迫期间的抗旱能力,也包括复水之后的恢复能力,因此,开展干旱复水条件下植物幼苗生长及根系形态特征变化规律的研究,对揭示植物抗旱生理机制具有重要意义。通过盆栽控水进行干旱胁迫和复水处理,测定了干旱-复水条件下红砂幼苗基径、株高、生物量以及根系形态指标,分析了其生长、生物量分配及根系形态特征对干旱-复水的响应。结果表明：（1）与适宜水分相比,干旱胁迫下红砂幼苗基径和株高相对增量以及地上、地下和总生物量显著减小（P<0.01）,各干旱胁迫下红砂幼苗基径相对增量随时间增加呈现减小的变化趋势;复水后中度和重度胁迫处理下红砂幼苗基径和株高相对增量较大,表明红砂幼苗在较严重的干旱胁迫下复水时,其地上部分恢复生长更快;（2）与适宜水分相比,干旱胁迫下红砂幼苗比根长显著增加（P<0.01）,表明红砂幼苗可通过根系伸长生长以适应干旱胁迫;复水后重度干旱胁迫处理下红砂幼苗总根长、根表面积和总根体积减小,而红砂幼苗根系直径显著增加（P<0.01）,表明红砂幼苗在重度胁迫处理下根系恢复力减弱。综上所述,干旱胁迫期间红砂幼苗通过加快基径和根系的生长储存更多物质来应对胁迫环境,从而表现出较强的抵抗力;复水后红砂幼苗通过加快地上部分生长和根系直径与比根长的增大来恢复生长,有助于提高其较强的恢复能力。

关键词: 红砂, 干旱胁迫, 复水, 生长发育, 根系形态

Abstract:

Plant adaptation to drought includes drought resistance during drought stress and recovery after rehydration following drought stress. Therefore, it is essential to understand the physiological mechanism of plant drought resistance by studying changes in seedling growth and root morphological characteristics under drought and rehydration conditions. In this experiment, drought stress and rehydration were emulated by controlling the soil moisture of potted plants. The basal diameter, plant height, biomass, and root morphological indices of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings under drought-rehydration conditions were determined, and the responses of their growth, biomass distribution, and root morphological characteristics to drought-rehydration were analyzed. Compared with the appropriate water content, the relative increment of basal diameter and plant height, the aboveground, underground, and total biomass of R. soongorica seedlings were significantly reduced under drought stress (P<0.01). The relative increment of the basal diameter of R. soongorica seedlings under drought stress showed a decreasing trend with time. The relative increments of the basal diameter and plant height of R. soongorica seedlings were larger under moderate and severe stress after rehydration, which indicated that the aboveground part of R. soongorica seedlings grew faster after rehydration under severe drought stress. Additionally, compared with the suitable water, the specific root length of R. soongorica seedlings increased significantly under drought stress (P<0.01), indicating that R. soongorica seedlings could adapt to drought stress by elongating their roots. After rehydration, the total root length, root surface area, and total root volume of R. soongorica seedlings decreased, while the root diameter of R. soongorica seedlings increased (P<0.01), indicating that the root resilience of R. soongorica seedlings was weakened under severe stress. In summary, during drought stress, R. soongorica seedlings responded to the stress environment by accelerating the growth of their basal diameter and roots and storing more substances, showing stronger resistance. After rehydration, R. soongorica seedlings were restored by accelerating the growth of their overground parts and increasing root diameter and specific root length, which was helpful to improve their strong recovery ability.

Key words: Reaumuria soongorica, drought stress, rehydration, growing development, root morphology

杨彪生,单立山,马静,解婷婷,杨洁,韦昌林. 红砂幼苗生长及根系形态特征对干旱-复水的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 469-478.

YANG Biaosheng,SHAN Lishan,MA Jing,XIE Tingting,YANG Jie,WEI Changlin. Response of growth and root morphological characteristics of Reaumuria soongorica seedlings to drought-rehydration[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 469-478.

图/表 4

表1

干旱胁迫程度和胁迫时间对红砂幼苗基径和株高相对增量、生物量和根系生长指标的双因素方差分析(F值)"

	W		T		W $×$ T
	F	P	F	P	F	P
基径相对增量	6.68	P<0.01	8.41	P<0.01	0.55	0.87
株高相对增量	0.68	0.58	0.72	0.59	1.28	0.27
地上生物量	16.99	P<0.01	1.78	0.20	5.90	P<0.01
地下生物量	19.67	P<0.01	1.82	0.19	2.22	P<0.05
总生物量	20.46	P<0.01	2.02	0.10	5.09	P<0.01
根冠比	1.78	0.20	0.46	0.76	1.11	0.38
总根长	0.42	0.74	3.91	0.03	1.36	0.23
根表面积	0.43	0.74	2.11	0.14	1.16	0.34
总根体积	0.39	0.76	4.69	0.02	1.12	0.38
比根长	34.48	P<0.01	0.12	0.97	0.86	0.59
根系直径	3.16	0.06	7.81	P<0.01	1.52	0.16
比表面积	25.82	P<0.01	0.58	0.69	1.02	0.45

表1

图1

图2

图3

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