氮添加和降水变化对红砂生理指标的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以红砂幼苗为研究对象,测定了不同降水[降水减少30%（W-）、自然降水（W）和降水增多30%（W+）]和氮添加[N₀（0 g·m^-2·a^-1）、N₁（4.6 g·m^-2·a^-1）、N₂（9.2 g·m^-2·a^-1）、N₃（13.8 g·m^-2·a^-1）]条件下红砂幼苗叶片的脯氨酸（Pro）、叶绿素（Chl）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和可溶性蛋白（SP）含量。结果表明：（1）在自然降水量（W）和降水量增加30%（W+）条件下,随施氮量的增加,红砂脯氨酸和叶绿素含量呈增加趋势,说明水分条件适宜时,水氮会发挥耦合效应促进脯氨酸和叶绿素的积累。（2）在无氮添加（N₀）和低氮（N₁）水平下,自然降水量（W）条件下的POD活性分别显著小于降水量减少30%（W-）条件下的值,中氮（N₂）、高氮（N₃）水平下则明显相反。说明在低氮水平下,降水量增加抑制POD活性的增加,而中氮和高氮添加极大地减缓这种抑制作用,促进POD活性的增强,表现了氮水间的补偿效应。（3）在自然降水量（W）条件下,随氮添加量的增加,可溶性蛋白含量先增大后减小,而降水量减少30%（W-）条件下,氮添加对可溶性蛋白含量影响不显著。说明在正常水分条件下,适量的氮素添加会促进植物体内蛋白的转化,但当施氮量达到一定临界值时,氮素含量的持续增加将会抑制可溶性蛋白的产生,而水分亏缺时施氮对可溶性蛋白的转化无显著影响。

关键词: 降水变化, 氮添加, 生理指标, 红砂

Abstract:

Water and nitrogen are the key factors limiting the growth and development of desert plants. To predict the impact of climate change on desert vegetation growth in the future, understanding the effects of nitrogen and water on plant physiology is essential. We investigated the effects of nitrogen application and precipitation on Reaumuria soongorica seedlings. Proline (Pro), chlorophyll (Chl), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and soluble protein (SP) contents in R. soongorica leaves were measured under different precipitation treatments [precipitation decreases 30% (W-), natural precipitation (W), and precipitation increases 30% (W+)] and nitrogen applications [N₀(0 g·m ^-2·a^-1), N₁ (4.6 g·m^-2·a^-1), N₂ (9.2 g·m^-2·a^-1), N₃ (13.8 g·m^-2·a^-1)]. Under natural precipitation (W) and precipitation increases 30% (W+), proline and chlorophyll contents increased with increased nitrogen application. The coupling effect of water and nitrogen promoted the accumulation of proline and chlorophyll when the water condition was suitable. In the no nitrogen (N₀) and low nitrogen (N₁) treatments, POD activity under natural precipitation (W) was significantly lower than that under precipitation decreases 30% (W-), while the opposite trend was observed in the medium nitrogen (N₂) and high nitrogen (N₃) treatments. The results showed that at low nitrogen levels, increased precipitation inhibited POD activity, while the addition of nitrogen mitigated the inhibition and promoted POD activity, demonstrating the compensation effects of nitrogen and water. Under natural precipitation (W) conditions, the soluble protein content first increased and then decreased as the nitrogen concentration increased, while the effect of nitrogen addition on soluble protein content was not significant under precipitation decreases 30% (W-). These findings demonstrate that under normal water conditions, appropriate nitrogen addition could promote the transformation of plant protein up to a certain concentration threshold, then continuous nitrogen increases inhibit soluble protein production. Conversely, nitrogen application had no significant effect on soluble protein transformation under water deficits.

Key words: precipitation change, nitrogen addition, physiological index, Reaumuria soongorica

杨洁,单立山,白亚梅,张婉婷,张正中,解婷婷,李毅. 氮添加和降水变化对红砂生理指标的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 460-468.

YANG Jie,SHAN Lishan,BAI Yamei,ZHANG Wanting,ZHANG Zhengzhong,XIE Tingting,LI Yi. Effects of nitrogen addition and precipitation on Reaumuria soongorica physiological indices[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 460-468.

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因子	降水量		氮添加量		交互作用
因子	df	F	df	F	df	F
脯氨酸（Pro）	2	0.093	5	5.377^**	6	0.051
叶绿素（Chl）	2	0.002	5	9.178^***	6	0.104
可溶性蛋白（SP）	2	0.200	5	4.174^**	6	1.072
过氧化物酶POD	2	0.175	5	2.077	6	0.296
超氧化物歧化酶SOD	2	0.208	5	12.118^***	6	1.339

相关指标	脯氨酸	叶绿素	SOD活性	POD活性	可溶性蛋白
脯氨酸	1
叶绿素	0.644^*	1
SOD活性	0.175	0.463	1
POD活性	0.084	-0.508	-0.582^*	1
可溶性蛋白	0.370	0.268	0.683^*	-0.179	1