干旱区不同类型盐碱土壤细菌群落多样性

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.05.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以玛纳斯河流域的硫酸盐—氯化物盐型、氯化物—硫酸盐型、碳酸盐型、硫酸盐型4种盐碱土壤为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术对细菌进行测序,研究表明:4种盐碱土壤样品共获得137 822条细菌基因序列,Shannon指数和Chao1指数表现为:碳酸盐型＞硫酸盐型＞硫酸盐—氯化物盐型＞氯化物—硫酸盐型,说明碳酸盐型土壤细菌群落的多样性和丰度均显著高于其他3个样品。4种盐碱土壤细菌群落主要包括10个门类,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)是硫酸—氯化物盐型、氯化—硫酸盐型、硫酸盐型土壤的优势菌门,碳酸盐型以厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门、放线菌门为优势菌门,而在属的水平上,各样品的群落组成差异较大。通过聚类分析将4个细菌群落分为3类,其中硫酸—氯化物盐型和氯化—硫酸盐型分为一类,硫酸盐型和碳酸盐型各为一类。环境因子中全盐、氯离子、硫酸根离子和硝酸根离子对物种分布影响显著(P<0.05)。玛纳斯河流域不同类型盐碱土壤中的细菌群落存在显著差异,存在较多类型的细菌群落,尤其在碳酸盐型土壤中。该研究结果揭示了干旱区不同类型盐碱土壤细菌群落组成及影响群落结构的主要环境因子,为挖掘盐碱土壤微生物资源和盐碱地改良提供科学依据。

关键词: 盐碱地, 土壤微生物, 高通量测序, 细菌群落, 多样性, 新疆

Abstract: The high throughput sequencing was used to sequence the bacterium communities in four types of saline or alkaline soil including the sulfate-chloride,chloride-sulfate,carbonate and sulfate types.The 137 822 gene sequences were obtained from the soil samples.The results revealed that the Shannon and Chao1 indexes were in an order of carbonate>sulfate>sulfate-chloride>chloride-sulfate,which indicated that the diversity and abundance of soil bacterial communities in carbonate soil samples were significantly higher than those in the other soil samples.In this study,the saline or alkaline soil was mainly comprised of ten phyla.The dominant bacterial phyla were the Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria in sulfuric acid-chloride,chlorinated-sulfate and sulfate soils separately.The Firmicutes,Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant populations in carbonate soil.At the genus level,the composition of soil bacterial communities was different from each other.As shown in the cluster analysis,the bacterial communities of all soils were divided into three groups.One was made up of sulfuric acid-chloride salt and chlorinated-sulfate soils,and the others were composed of sulfate and carbonate soils.Effects of the contents of total salt,chlorine,sulfate and nitrates on the bacterial communities were significant (P<0.05).There were the significant differences in bacterial communities within several types of saline or alkaline soil in the Manas River Basin,and also many types of bacterial communities,especially in carbonate-type soils.The results revealed the composition of bacterial communities in different types of saline or alkaline soil and the main environmental factors affecting the community composition,which provided a scientific basis for developing the microbial resources in saline or alkaline soil and improving it.

Key words: saline or alkaline soil, soil microorganism, high throughput sequencing, bacterium community, diversity, Xinjiang

王巍琦, 李变变, 张军, 杨磊, 张凤华. 干旱区不同类型盐碱土壤细菌群落多样性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(5): 1202-1211.

WANG Wei-qi, Li Bian-bian, ZHANG Jun, YANG Lei, ZHANG Feng-hua. Diversity of Bacterium Communities in Saline or Alkaline Soil in Arid Area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(5): 1202-1211.

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