柴达木盆地可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区鸟类多样性

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.16

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 521-526.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.16

• 生态与环境 • 上一篇

柴达木盆地可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区鸟类多样性

朵海瑞¹(), 傲云巴特尔², 吾健³, 罗洪巍³, 同德兴², 孔繁燕², 杨芳⁴, 魏婷婷⁴()

1.青海师范大学，青海西宁 810000
2.青海可鲁克湖托素湖省级自然保护区服务中心，青海德令哈 817000
3.德令哈市林业和草原局，青海德令哈 817099
4.青海多美生态环保科技有限公司，青海西宁 810000

收稿日期:2023-09-07 修回日期:2023-11-29 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-01
通讯作者: 魏婷婷. E-mail: lilyting08@163.com
作者简介:朵海瑞（1978-），男，副教授，主要从事3S综合利用、野生动植物保护研究. E-mail: duohr@126.com
基金资助:
中央林业改革发展资金湿地保护与恢复项目，自然保护区补助项目

Bird diversity at the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve in Qaidam Basin

DUO Hairui¹(), Aoyunbater ², WU Jian³, LUO Hongwei³, TONG Dexing², KONG Fanyan², YANG Fang⁴, WEI Tingting⁴()

1. Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810000, Qinghai, China
2. Qinghai Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Provincial Nature Reserve Service Center, Delingha 817000, Qinghai, China
3. Delingha Forestry and Grassland Administration, Delingha 817099, Qinghai, China
4. Qinghai Duomei Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Xining 810000, Qinghai, China

Received:2023-09-07 Revised:2023-11-29 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2024-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区是全球候鸟迁徙网络中亚迁飞通道上鸟类在柴达木盆地荒漠区唯一的大型补给站和停歇地，是以迁徙鸟类为主要保护对象的自然保护区。2019—2021年综合采用多种调查方法对保护区鸟类种类和个体数进行监测记录。结果表明：区域共记录鸟类18目43科138种，其中国家一级保护动物10种，国家二级保护动物24种，夏候鸟和旅鸟是鸟类群落的重要组成部分，占比分别为40.58%和29.71%。与2019年相比，2021年保护区鸟类多样性指数和均匀度指数均呈增加趋势，物种数增加37种，个体数由7045只增加至24552只，其中黑颈鹤（Grus nigricollis）和赤嘴潜鸭（Netta rufina）的个体数达到全球种群数量1%标准，该保护区对于这两种水鸟而言具有国际重要意义。水鸟种类的增加，赤嘴潜鸭（Netta rufina）、普通秋沙鸭（Mergus merganser）等7种鸟类居留型的改变可能与区域气候变化有关。该研究结果为该保护区申请国际重要湿地、开展深入的生物多样性监测提供契机。

关键词: 湿地, 可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区, 鸟类群落组成, 鸟类多样性

Abstract:

The Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve is a key wetland that represents the only large-scale stopover site and an important habitat for migratory birds in the desert area of the Qaidam Basin, China. These birds migrate along the Central Asian-Indian migration route, which is part of the global migratory bird network. Most birds in the reserve are migratory birds. In this study, their diversity was investigated using a sample line survey and fixed points. A total of 18 families, 43 genera, and 138 species of birds were recorded, with 10 and 24 of the latter being listed as class I and class II wild species, respectively, which are protected nationwide in China. From 2019 to 2021, the number of bird species increased by 37%, with summer visitors and traveling birds increasing by 23.53% and 88.24%, respectively, which corresponded to their numbers increasing by 2.03 and 7.95 times. Summer visitors and traveling birds are important members of the bird community. The values of the Shannon-Wiener index of richness and the Pielou index of evenness for the bird community increased from 2.45 and 0.46 in 2019 to 3.64 and 0.63 in 2021, respectively. Bird diversity was shown to be high in the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve, with the populations of black-necked cranes and red-crested pochards reaching the 1% population standard established for Ramsar sites. Therefore, an application for the designation of the reserve as a Ramsar site needs to be made as soon as possible. Some individuals belonging to seven bird species, including red-crested pochard and common merganser among others, survived through winter in the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve. Long-term bird diversity studies should be conducted in this area.

Key words: wetland, the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve, bird composition, bird diversity

朵海瑞, 傲云巴特尔, 吾健, 罗洪巍, 同德兴, 孔繁燕, 杨芳, 魏婷婷. 柴达木盆地可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区鸟类多样性[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 521-526.

DUO Hairui, Aoyunbater , WU Jian, LUO Hongwei, TONG Dexing, KONG Fanyan, YANG Fang, WEI Tingting. Bird diversity at the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve in Qaidam Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(3): 521-526.

图/表 2

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柴达木盆地可鲁克湖-托素湖自然保护区鸟类多样性

Bird diversity at the Keluke Lake-Tuosu Lake Nature Reserve in Qaidam Basin

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