羌塘高原申扎高寒湿地辐射平衡和地表反照率特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.02

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 1207-1215.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.05.02

羌塘高原申扎高寒湿地辐射平衡和地表反照率特征

强耀辉^1,²(),王坤鑫^1,²,马宁³,张寅生^1,⁴(),郭燕红¹

1. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101
4. 中国-巴基斯坦地球科学研究中心,中国科学院-巴基斯坦高等教育委员会,巴基斯坦伊斯兰堡 45320

收稿日期:2020-12-10 修回日期:2021-03-17 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-24
通讯作者: 张寅生
作者简介:强耀辉（1995-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事寒区水文气象研究. E-mail: qiangyh18@itpcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019QZKK0201);中国科学院战略先导A专项(XDA20060201);国家重点研发项目(2017YFA0603101);国家自然科学基金青年项目(41801051)

Characteristics of the radiation balance and surface albedo of a typical alpine wetland in Qiangtang Plateau

QIANG Yaohui^1,²(),WANG Kunxin^1,²,MA Ning³,ZHANG Yinsheng^1,⁴(),GUO Yanhong¹

1. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
4. China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan

Received:2020-12-10 Revised:2021-03-17 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-24
Contact: Yinsheng ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

羌塘高原湿地能量交换过程及其作用结果对气候有着重要影响。本研究选择羌塘高原申扎地区典型高寒湿地的辐射平衡观测数据为基础,分析了2018-07—2020-07逐日、逐月、逐时、不同季节典型天气辐射各分量及逐日反照率变化特征。日尺度上,辐射各分量均表现出明显的季节规律,呈“U”型变化。6月向下短波辐射全年最大为301.1 W·m^-2,平均温度最高,向上长波辐射也达到最大,为371.5 W·m^-2,1月则相反。季节尺度上,短波辐射各季节平均值春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,长波辐射和净辐射则夏季最高,冬季最小。不同天气下,各季节晴天辐射通量较平滑,多云和降水天气变化不规则。地表反照率2018—2020年观测均值为0.23,夏、秋季小,冬、春季大,降雪天气甚至达到了0.63。研究结果可对揭示羌塘高原典型高寒湿地辐射收支的动态变化规律、阐明羌塘高原热力作用对其自身及周边地区的影响提供数据支撑。

关键词: 申扎湿地, 辐射变化, 典型天气, 反照率

Abstract:

The energy exchange process and its effects on wetlands in the Qiangtang Plateau have an important impact on the local climate. This study is based on the radiation data observed from June 2017 to June 2020 in Xainza—a typical alpine wetland located in the Qiangtang Plateau—and comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of seasonal, monthly, daily, and hourly weather radiation and albedo. The results show that all the radiation components present obvious seasonal “U”-shaped patterns. The maximum downward shortwave radiation is 301.1 W·m^-2, and, in June the maximum upward longwave radiation is 371.5 W·m^-2, yet the minimum of both appeared in January. Downward shortwave radiation, upward and downward longwave radiation, and net radiation all show obvious seasonal patterns, characterized by “U”-shaped changes. The hourly value of shortwave radiation in each season is the highest in spring, followed by summer and autumn, and the lowest is detected in winter. Longwave radiation and net radiation are highest in summer and lowest in winter. The radiant flux on sunny days in each season is relatively smooth, and the changes in cloud cover and precipitation are irregular; the average yearly surface albedo is 0.23, the lowest detected in summer and the highest in winter, reaching up to 0.63 on snowy days. These results can contribute to revealing the dynamic changes of the radiation budget occurring on the typical alpine wetland of Xainza, in the Qiangtang Plateau, and to clarifying the influence of such variation on the thermal effect.

Key words: Xainza wetland, radiation change, typical weather, albedo

强耀辉,王坤鑫,马宁,张寅生,郭燕红. 羌塘高原申扎高寒湿地辐射平衡和地表反照率特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1207-1215.

QIANG Yaohui,WANG Kunxin,MA Ning,ZHANG Yinsheng,GUO Yanhong. Characteristics of the radiation balance and surface albedo of a typical alpine wetland in Qiangtang Plateau[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1207-1215.

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辐射分项	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月
向下短波辐射/(W·m^-2)	154.0	187.2	238.9	267.0	294.7	301.1	238.9	235.3	236.5	222.8	185.5	160.9
向上短波辐射/(W·m^-2)	45.0	52.7	67.1	68.6	72.2	67.2	47.2	45.3	49.2	51.6	50.4	49.1
地表反照率	0.27	0.26	0.26	0.24	0.23	0.21	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.21	0.25	0.28
向上长波辐射/(W·m^-2)	265.7	279.1	298.1	326.9	348.9	371.5	369.3	367.3	354.2	319.6	295.6	270.7
向下长波辐射/(W·m^-2)	185.3	194.4	205.8	236.4	257.9	289.5	316.1	312.0	285.2	229.2	203.6	183.8
净辐射/(W·m^-2)	28.7	49.9	79.4	107.9	131.5	151.8	138.6	134.6	118.3	80.8	43.1	24.9

羌塘高原申扎高寒湿地辐射平衡和地表反照率特征

Characteristics of the radiation balance and surface albedo of a typical alpine wetland in Qiangtang Plateau

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