氮沉降促进西北干旱区高寒湿地生态系统N2O排放

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在气候变化背景下,大气氮沉降的增加会对干旱区高寒湿地N₂O排放产生影响。以天山中部的巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地,不同水分条件的常年淹水区、季节性淹水区和常年干燥区为研究区,设置3个氮添加量处理（0、10 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1和20 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1）,采用静态箱-气相色谱法监测了植物生长季生态系统N₂O的排放量,并探究了N₂O排放与主要环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明：（1）在不同水分条件下,氮素增加显著促进了生态系统N₂O的排放（P<0.05）;在植物生长季不增氮的处理下,生态系统N₂O累积排放量表现为吸收,10 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1和20 kg ·hm^-2·a^-1处理N₂O累积排放量均表现为排放;氮沉降量增加显著增加了不同水分条件下N₂O累积排放量,氮沉降增加会促进湿地生态系统由N₂O的“汇”向“源”转变。（2）氮施加量极显著影响生态系统N₂O排放速率（P<0.01）,季节性淹水条件生态系统N₂O平均排放速率(F)与施氮量(N)、土壤5 cm地温(T)呈多元一次方程关系（F=-2.763+0.209N+0.151T,R²=0.483,P<0.01）。综上所述,氮沉降的增加促进了干旱区高寒湿地生态系统N₂O排放。

关键词: 氮沉降, N₂O, 生态系统, 水分, 高寒湿地

Abstract:

With the basis of climate change, nitrogen deposition will have an impact on N₂O emissions between the soil and atmosphere in the alpine wetland in the arid region of Northwest China. Taking the alpine wetland at Swan Lake of Bayinbuluke in the middle of Tianshan Mountain as a study area, three nitrogen addition treatments (0, 10, and 20 kg·hm^-2·a^-1) were set in different water conditions (perennial seeper area, seasonal water area, and perennial dry area). The measurement of N₂O was made via static chamber-gas chromatography during the growing season. The relationship between N₂O emissions and main environmental factors was explored. The results showed that the following: (1) increased N significantly contributed to N₂O emissions under different water conditions in the alpine wetland ecosystem (P < 0.05). Under 0 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 treatment, the N₂O accumulation showed an uptake from the ecosystem with the growing season. Under 10 and 20 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 treatments, the N₂O accumulation were emitted. The cumulative N₂O emissions increased significantly when nitrogen deposition increased in different water conditions. Increased nitrogen deposition influenced the wetland ecosystem from N₂O to sink to the N₂O source. (2) nitrogen application significantly affected the rate of N₂O emissions from the ecosystem (P < 0.01). In seasonal water area, the relationship between the average N₂O emission rate (F), nitrogen addition (N), and soil temperature (T) at a depth of 5 cm was in accordance with the multiple first-order equation (F = -2.763 + 0.209N + 0.151T, R² = 0.483, P < 0.01). Therefore, N deposition increases N₂O emissions in the alpine wetland in the arid region of Northwest China.

Key words: nitrogen deposition, N₂O, ecosystem, water conditions, alpine wetland

申志博,韩耀光,王家力,陈康怡,胡洋,朱新萍,贾宏涛. 氮沉降促进西北干旱区高寒湿地生态系统N₂O排放[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1655-1662.

SHEN Zhibo,HAN Yaoguang,WANG Jiali,CHEN Kangyi,HU Yang,ZHU Xinping,JIA Hongtao. Nitrogen deposition increases N₂O emission in an alpine wetland in the arid region of Northwest China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1655-1662.

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	处理	方程	R²	P
常年淹水区	N₀	y=2.256lnx-6.407	0.137	0.262
	N₁₀	y=-0.051x²+0.875x-1.594	0.348	0.181
	N₂₀	y=0.029x²+0.672x+6.933	0.082	0.713
季节性淹水区	N₀	y=-0.04x²+0.751x-3.42	0.409	0.122
	N₁₀	y=-0.025x²+0.826x-4.040	0.511	0.041^*
	N₂₀	y=0.346x-0.939	0.701	0.001^**
常年干燥区	N₀	y=0.069x-1.962	0.111	0.831
	N₁₀	y=0.241x-2.069	0.165	0.216
	N₂₀	y=0.179x+1.366	0.216	0.149

生态系统	施氮种类	氮添加量 /（kg·hm^-2·a^-1）	对照组N₂O平均排放速率	氮沉降对N₂O排放的影响
若尔盖高寒湿地^[9]	NH₄NO₃	0~80	13.00 μg·m^-2·h^-1	10~40 kg·hm^-2·a^-1显著促进（P<0.05）,其余浓度无显著影响（P<0.05）
青藏高原高寒草甸^[13]	NH₄NO₃	0~40	7.67 μg·m^-2·h^-1	显著促进（P<0.05）
三江平原泥炭湿地^[33]	NH₄NO₃	0~80	6.60 μg·m^-2·h^-1	40 kg·hm^-2·a^-1显著促进（P<0.05）,其余浓度无显著影响（P<0.05）
昆仑山高寒草地^[8]	尿素	0~16	50.00 μg·m^-2· d^-1	显著促进（P<0.05）
水稻田^[31]	尿素	0~480	0.88μg·m^-2·h^-1	显著促进（P<0.05）
巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地（本研究）	尿素,NH₄NO₃	0~20	常年淹水区：45.75 μg·m^-2·d^-1 季节性淹水区：41.37 μg·m^-2·d^-1 常年干燥区：53.57 μg·m^-2·d^-1	显著促进（P<0.05）

氮沉降促进西北干旱区高寒湿地生态系统N₂O排放

Nitrogen deposition increases N₂O emission in an alpine wetland in the arid region of Northwest China

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